Liu Shuai, Lu Jinyu, Li Zhengyan
College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2025 Nov;297:110292. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110292. Epub 2025 Jul 16.
Imidacloprid (IMI) is the most widely used neonicotinoid insecticide worldwide and it has been detected in various aquatic ecosystems, including marine ecosystems. Although much information is available about the effects of IMI on organisms, studies of IMI sublethal effects on marine fish, mysids and clamworms are lacking. Thus, three marine model organisms (Oryzias melastigma, Neomysis awatschensis, and Perinereis aibuhitensis) were used to evaluate the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and the content of malonaldehyde (MDA) as biomarkers after 21 days of exposure to IMI. The activities of biomarkers were measured using an enzyme-labeled instrument, and the degree of biological hazard was analyzed using the integrated biomarker response (IBR) index method. Results demonstrated that oxidative stress and neurotoxic biomarkers of different organisms had different trends with increasing IMI concentration but MDA content was consistently induced by IMI. The no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) of AChE, SOD, CAT, GST and MDA were 1.2, 2.3, < 1.2, 2.3 and 1.2 mg/L for O. melastigma, 0.7, < 0.3, < 0.3, 0.3 and < 0.3 μg/L for N. awatschensis, and 0.7, 0.7, 0.7, < 0.7 and 1.5 μg/L for P. aibuhitensis. The IBR results indicated that 18.5 mg/L, 5.3 μg/L and 11.6 μg/L of IMI were the most toxic for O. melastigma, N. awatschensis and P. aibuhitensis, respectively. Changes in these biomarkers provide early warning of fish, mysids and clamworms stress, suggesting that investigating the hazards of neonicotinoid pesticides to marine organisms is worthwhile.
吡虫啉（IMI）是全球使用最广泛的新烟碱类杀虫剂，已在包括海洋生态系统在内的各种水生生态系统中被检测到。尽管有很多关于IMI对生物体影响的信息，但缺乏关于IMI对海洋鱼类、糠虾和沙蚕亚致死效应的研究。因此，使用三种海洋模式生物（黑背鳉、日本新糠虾和双齿围沙蚕）来评估暴露于IMI 21天后作为生物标志物的乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性以及丙二醛（MDA）的含量。使用酶标仪测量生物标志物的活性，并使用综合生物标志物响应（IBR）指数法分析生物危害程度。结果表明，随着IMI浓度的增加，不同生物的氧化应激和神经毒性生物标志物呈现不同趋势，但MDA含量始终受到IMI的诱导。对于黑背鳉，AChE、SOD、CAT、GST和MDA的无观察效应浓度（NOECs）分别为1.2、2.3、<1.2、2.3和1.2mg/L；对于日本新糠虾，分别为0.7、<0.3、<0.3、0.3和<0.3μg/L；对于双齿围沙蚕，分别为0.7、0.7、0.7、<0.7和1.5μg/L。IBR结果表明，18.5mg/L、5.3μg/L和11.6μg/L的IMI分别对黑背鳉、日本新糠虾和双齿围沙蚕毒性最大。这些生物标志物的变化为鱼类、糠虾和沙蚕的应激提供了早期预警，表明研究新烟碱类农药对海洋生物的危害是值得的。
