层级制度有害：医学、助产和护理专业学生同理心及其决定因素的比较横断面分析

Hierarchy hurts: a comparative cross-sectional analysis of empathy and its determinants in medical, midwifery, and nursing students.

作者信息

Weber Lena Maria, Bauer Lena, Führer Amand

机构信息

Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 20, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany.

出版信息

BMC Med Educ. 2025 Jul 18;25(1):1076. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-07683-w.

DOI:10.1186/s12909-025-07683-w

PMID:40682009

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12273016/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Empathy plays a crucial role in healthcare, affecting both patient outcomes and provider well-being. Despite its importance, the adaptive nature of empathy remains not fully understood, making it challenging for educational institutions to effectively teach it. This study addresses this gap by investigating two key questions: ,, And, ,,

METHODS

This cross-sectional study, conducted in April 2023 at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany, examined empathy among medical, BSc Midwifery, BSc Nursing, and MSc Health and Nursing Sciences students, aiming to identify its determinants, considering personality traits, socio-economic background, and elitist attitudes. The survey included the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Health Profession Students (JSE-HPS), NEO-Five-Factor-Inventory (NEO-FFI-30), Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-15), the Short Scale on Social Dominance Orientation (KSDO-3), and the MacArthur Scale. The authors analyzed the data using multiple linear regression models, controlling for relevant confounders.

RESULTS

A total of 252 students participated in the survey, including 173 medical, 35 BSc Midwifery, 24 BSc Nursing, and 20 MSc Health and Nursing Sciences students. Empathy levels varied between disciplines, with BSc Midwifery students exhibiting the highest scores (114.83, 95%-CI = 111.77; 117.88), and BSc Nursing students the lowest (106.25, 95%-CI = 103.1; 109.4). Multiple regression analysis revealed that empathy was positively associated with Openness (β = 2.68, 95%-CI = 1.16; 4.19), Agreeableness (β = 6.01, 95%-CI = 3.9; 8.12), and having children (β = 5.02, 95%-CI = 0.25; 9.79). Conversely, students with non-medical training prior to university (β = -9.86, 95%-CI = -16.84; -2.88) and higher Social Dominance Orientation (β = -0.64, 95%-CI = -1.11; -0.16) showed lower empathy scores.

CONCLUSIONS

In addition to confirming previous findings, this study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to investigate Social Dominance Orientation in the context of healthcare students’ empathy and describe its negative association. The findings suggest that addressing hierarchical attitudes in empathy education could positively impact healthcare delivery.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

This was not undertaken as the research did not involve a health care intervention on human participants.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12909-025-07683-w.

摘要

背景

同理心在医疗保健中起着至关重要的作用，影响着患者的治疗效果和医护人员的幸福感。尽管其重要性不言而喻，但同理心的适应性本质仍未得到充分理解，这使得教育机构难以有效地教授同理心。本研究通过调查两个关键问题来填补这一空白：“……”以及“……”

方法

这项横断面研究于2023年4月在德国马丁路德大学哈雷 - 维滕贝格分校进行，研究对象为医学、理学学士助产专业、理学学士护理专业以及理学硕士健康与护理科学专业的学生，旨在确定同理心的决定因素，同时考虑人格特质、社会经济背景和精英主义态度。该调查包括针对健康专业学生的杰斐逊同理心量表（JSE - HPS）、新五因素问卷（NEO - FFI - 30）、自恋人格问卷（NPI - 15）、社会支配取向简表（KSDO - 3）以及麦克阿瑟量表。作者使用多元线性回归模型对数据进行分析，并对相关混杂因素进行了控制。

结果

共有252名学生参与了调查，其中包括173名医学专业学生、35名理学学士助产专业学生、24名理学学士护理专业学生和20名理学硕士健康与护理科学专业学生。不同学科的同理心水平存在差异，理学学士助产专业学生的得分最高（114.83，95%置信区间 = 111.77；117.88），理学学士护理专业学生得分最低（106.25，95%置信区间 = 103.1；109.4）。多元回归分析显示，同理心与开放性（β = 2.68，95%置信区间 = 1.16；4.19）、宜人性（β = 6.01，95%置信区间 = 3.9；8.12）以及育有子女（β = 5.02，95%置信区间 = 0.25；9.79）呈正相关。相反，大学前接受过非医学培训的学生（β = -9.86，95%置信区间 = -16.84；-2.88）和社会支配取向较高的学生（β = -0.64，95%置信区间 = -1.11；-0.16）的同理心得分较低。