Johnstone Kristoffer, Cooper Joyce, Smithson John, Glass Beverley
College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
Cairns Hinterland Hospital and Health Services, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.
Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm. 2025 Jul 5;19:100633. doi: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100633. eCollection 2025 Sep.
Immunosuppression in patients with cancer increases susceptibility to vaccine-preventable diseases, with suboptimal vaccination rates attributed to complex treatment schedules, timing of vaccination and uncertainty in relation to vaccination effectiveness. While pharmacists are routinely vaccinating patients in the community, high-risk cohorts, such as oncology patients, often lack access to dedicated vaccine services in hospital outpatient settings. Pharmacist-led vaccination clinics offer a promising solution to overcome existing barriers by integrating accessible, trusted healthcare professionals into patients' treatment location, to improve uptake through timely, co-located, and coordinated care. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of healthcare professionals regarding the implementation of a pharmacist-led vaccine clinic in an outpatient oncology unit.
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with pharmacists, nurses, and doctors from a single site regional referral hospital. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, deductively and inductively coded and thematically analysed, with emerging themes mapped to the constructs of the Diffusion of Innovation Theory: relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, observability and trialability.
Nineteen interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals, including seven pharmacists, six nurses and six doctors. Factors identified for successful implementation of a pharmacist-led vaccination clinic included patient-centred models, improved convenience and reduced complexity for patients, and compatibility with pharmacists' existing knowledge and role in outpatient units. Barriers were found to be work overload for pharmacists, reduced interaction with general practitioners, and lack of understanding of pharmacists' vaccination training.
Healthcare professionals expressed strong support for a pharmacist-led vaccine clinic in an outpatient oncology unit, recognising the potential to improve vaccination rates. Future research should however focus on assessing patient acceptance of such a service and the impact of such a clinic on vaccination rates.
癌症患者的免疫抑制会增加其对疫苗可预防疾病的易感性，疫苗接种率不理想归因于复杂的治疗方案、接种时间以及疫苗有效性的不确定性。虽然药剂师在社区为患者常规接种疫苗，但肿瘤患者等高风险人群在医院门诊环境中往往无法获得专门的疫苗服务。由药剂师主导的疫苗接种诊所提供了一个有前景的解决方案，通过将可及、受信任的医疗保健专业人员融入患者的治疗场所，以克服现有障碍，通过及时、同地和协调的护理来提高疫苗接种率。本研究旨在探讨医疗保健专业人员对在门诊肿瘤科室实施由药剂师主导的疫苗诊所的看法。
对一家单站点区域转诊医院的药剂师、护士和医生进行了半结构化访谈。访谈进行了录音，逐字转录，进行了演绎和归纳编码以及主题分析，将新出现的主题映射到创新扩散理论的构念：相对优势、复杂性、兼容性、可观察性和可试验性。
对19名医疗保健专业人员进行了访谈，包括7名药剂师、6名护士和6名医生。确定的成功实施由药剂师主导的疫苗接种诊所的因素包括以患者为中心的模式、提高患者的便利性和降低复杂性，以及与药剂师在门诊科室的现有知识和角色的兼容性。发现障碍包括药剂师工作负担过重、与全科医生的互动减少以及对药剂师疫苗接种培训缺乏了解。
医疗保健专业人员对门诊肿瘤科室由药剂师主导的疫苗诊所表示强烈支持，认识到提高疫苗接种率的潜力。然而，未来的研究应侧重于评估患者对这种服务的接受程度以及这种诊所对疫苗接种率的影响。
