Shi Xin, Gu Hao, Jiang Hao, Zhao Su, Chen Zhixuan
Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
Adv Ophthalmol Pract Res. 2025 Jun 14;5(3):205-211. doi: 10.1016/j.aopr.2025.04.006. eCollection 2025 Aug-Sep.
The study of the development mechanism of myopia involves many aspects, of which the remodeling and biomechanical changes of the sclera are currently recognized as some of the more important mechanisms. In recent years, new progress has been made in in vivo and ex vivo measurement methods to characterize scleral biomechanics. However, because ex vivo measurement methods cannot be used on the in vivo eyeball, there is still a lack of a reliable in vivo scleral biomechanical measurement method to assess the trend of myopia progression in clinical practice.
In this paper, the research progress of existing in vivo measurement methods of scleral biomechanics in myopia is reviewed, and the advantages and limitations of these methods are discussed. The purpose is to comprehensively introduce the current development status of in vivo measurement methods of scleral biomechanics, look forward to their clinical application and development, and to explore new directions and ideas for the application of scleral biomechanics in the prevention and control of myopia.
The review shows that the most urgent problem is to further prove and verify that the biomechanical properties of the sclera can be measured with sufficient sensitivity and accuracy in vivo. Its safety and feasibility in clinical application also need to be considered. Future studies should investigate the multi-level and multi-scale biomechanical properties of the myopic sclera, and develop non-contact and non-invasive in vivo measurement techniques to provide more methods for myopia prevention and control and early screening of myopia in adolescents.
近视发生机制的研究涉及多个方面，其中巩膜的重塑和生物力学变化是目前公认的较为重要的机制。近年来，在表征巩膜生物力学的体内和体外测量方法方面取得了新进展。然而，由于体外测量方法不能用于活体眼球，临床上仍缺乏一种可靠的体内巩膜生物力学测量方法来评估近视进展趋势。
本文综述了现有近视巩膜生物力学体内测量方法的研究进展，并讨论了这些方法的优缺点。目的是全面介绍巩膜生物力学体内测量方法的当前发展状况，展望其临床应用与发展，并探索巩膜生物力学在近视防控中的应用新方向和新思路。
综述表明，最紧迫的问题是进一步证明和验证巩膜的生物力学特性在体内能够以足够的灵敏度和准确性进行测量。其在临床应用中的安全性和可行性也需要考虑。未来的研究应探讨近视巩膜的多层次和多尺度生物力学特性，并开发非接触、非侵入性的体内测量技术，为青少年近视防控和早期筛查提供更多方法。
