Stevens Amy, Öcek Zeliha, Sargsyan Sergey, Black Michelle
Bevan Healthcare, UK.
Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), Chair for Public Health and Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Public Health Pract (Oxf). 2025 Jul 7;10:100641. doi: 10.1016/j.puhip.2025.100641. eCollection 2025 Dec.
In 2023 Europe hosted an estimated 9 million children who had been forcibly displaced from their homes because of conflict, persecution, violence, natural or environmental disasters, climate crisis, human trafficking and extreme poverty. Their experiences pre, during and post migration impact their health, wellbeing and development. Countries across the European Region have a moral and legal duty to uphold the right to health of all children living within their borders, irrespective of immigration status. However, many countries are falling short of delivering on these obligations. The rise in populist radical right politics and anti-immigrant sentiment across the Region has led to an increase in potentially health-harming immigration policies and practices. Challenges to meeting the health needs of displaced children include underfunded health systems, limited specialist services, health and care workforce shortages, and lack of data to inform evidence-based policy and practice. Displaced children are often subjected to restrictions on service entitlements; systemic racism, xenophobia and discrimination in health systems; and language, cultural, social, financial, and administrative barriers to care. Cross-country collaboration is required to address the drivers of forced migration; increase availability of safe and legal routes for refugees; and ensure health systems across the Region have the data, resource and capacity required to respond to the needs of displaced children. Essential policies supporting a child's right to health include: provision of child and family-centred community alternatives to refugee camps and immigration detention; provision of healthcare and education entitlements equitable to children of the host nation; protection of children from violence and exploitation; and delivery of quality and inclusive trauma-informed healthcare that accounts for language needs, cultural diversity and safeguarding risks. With political commitment and coordinated efforts, ensuring the right to health for displaced children is achievable and should be prioritised.
2023年，欧洲收容了约900万儿童，他们因冲突、迫害、暴力、自然或环境灾难、气候危机、人口贩运和极端贫困而被迫背井离乡。他们在移民前、移民期间和移民后的经历影响着他们的健康、福祉和发展。欧洲区域各国在道义和法律上有责任维护其境内所有儿童的健康权，无论其移民身份如何。然而，许多国家未能履行这些义务。该区域民粹主义极右翼政治和反移民情绪的抬头，导致了可能危害健康的移民政策和做法的增加。满足流离失所儿童健康需求面临的挑战包括卫生系统资金不足、专科服务有限、卫生和护理人员短缺，以及缺乏为循证政策和实践提供信息的数据。流离失所儿童往往在服务权利方面受到限制；卫生系统存在系统性种族主义、仇外心理和歧视；以及在就医方面存在语言、文化、社会、经济和行政障碍。需要开展跨国合作，以应对被迫移民的驱动因素；增加为难民提供安全合法途径的机会；并确保该区域各国的卫生系统具备应对流离失所儿童需求所需的数据、资源和能力。支持儿童健康权的基本政策包括：提供以儿童和家庭为中心的社区替代难民营和移民拘留设施；提供与东道国儿童平等的医疗保健和教育权利；保护儿童免受暴力和剥削；以及提供高质量、包容性的创伤知情医疗保健，同时考虑到语言需求、文化多样性和安全保障风险。通过政治承诺和协调努力，确保流离失所儿童的健康权是可以实现的，并且应该作为优先事项。
