Arena Alessia, Zoccali Mariosimone, Mondello Luigi
Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci 13, Messina, 98168, Italy.
Department of Mathematical and Computer Science, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2025 Jul 21. doi: 10.1007/s00216-025-06009-5.
In line with the Green Analytical Chemistry principles, the drive to replace conventional organic solvents with more sustainable alternatives is rapidly evolving. This study introduces dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as a novel co-solvent in supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for the multi-residue analysis of pesticides in apple samples. The extraction performance of DMC was systematically compared with that of acetonitrile (ACN) and bio-ethanol (EtOH) under optimized conditions (30% co-solvent, 150 bar, 70 °C, 1 mL min flow rate, and 21 min of total extraction time). A panel of 64 pesticides, covering different chemical classes (e.g., organochlorine, organophosphorus, pyrethroid, carbamate, benzamides, triazoles), polarities (with log k ranging from -0.9 to 7.7), and molecular weights (ranging from 141 to 532), were evaluated. The method achieved an average extraction yield of 85% with DMC, while also providing significantly cleaner extracts by reducing the co-extraction of matrix components. These results underline the potential of DMC to enhance the sustainability and efficiency of pesticide residue analysis, closely aligning with the objectives of green analytical practices.
根据绿色分析化学原理，用更具可持续性的替代品取代传统有机溶剂的趋势正在迅速发展。本研究引入碳酸二甲酯（DMC）作为超临界流体萃取（SFE）中的新型共溶剂，用于苹果样品中农药的多残留分析。在优化条件（30%共溶剂、150巴、70°C、1毫升/分钟流速和21分钟总萃取时间）下，系统地比较了DMC与乙腈（ACN）和生物乙醇（EtOH）的萃取性能。评估了一组64种农药，涵盖不同化学类别（如有机氯、有机磷、拟除虫菊酯、氨基甲酸酯、苯甲酰胺、三唑）、极性（log k范围为-0.9至7.7）和分子量（范围为141至532）。该方法使用DMC时平均萃取率达到85%，同时通过减少基质成分的共萃取提供了明显更纯净的提取物。这些结果突显了DMC在提高农药残留分析的可持续性和效率方面的潜力，与绿色分析实践的目标紧密契合。
