Karibzhanova Dilnoza, Jamwal Prashant K, Khawaja Amna Riaz, Kystaubayeva Zaidagul, Kapsalyamov Akim, Shakenov Meiram, Agrawal Sunil
School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Wearable Technol. 2025 Jun 30;6:e29. doi: 10.1017/wtc.2025.10011. eCollection 2025.
Specialists globally employ various clinical scales and instruments to assess balance, gait, and motor functions in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Selecting appropriate assessment tools is essential for planning studies, developing effective treatment strategies, and tracking clinical outcomes. Given the diversity in assessment needs - whether evaluating dynamic, functional, or static balance - there is a need to identify the most suitable tools for each aspect. Therefore, the primary objective of this review is to critically analyze current clinical and instrument-based assessment methods in the literature to determine the most effective approaches for pediatric CP. This systematic review retrieved 1,812 papers, of which only 23 met the inclusion criteria and presented assessment methods for evaluating balance and motor functions in pediatric CP. These methods were further organized into clinical and instrument-based assessment groups. Among clinical examinations, the Pediatric Balance Scale and Gross Motor Function Measures were considered gold standards and featured in eight studies. In contrast, postural sway measured with the Biodex Balance System, Gait Stability Indices from the GAITRite system, and EMG sensing were the predominant instrument-based observations. Despite this variety, a consensus on the best assessment methods remains lacking. This review highlights the potential of integrating AI-driven metrics that combine clinical and instrument-based data to enhance precision and individualized care. Future research should focus on creating integrated, individualized profiles to better capture the unique capabilities of children with CP, enabling more personalized and effective intervention strategies.
全球的专家们使用各种临床量表和仪器来评估脑瘫（CP）患儿的平衡、步态和运动功能。选择合适的评估工具对于规划研究、制定有效的治疗策略以及跟踪临床结果至关重要。鉴于评估需求的多样性——无论是评估动态、功能还是静态平衡——有必要为每个方面确定最合适的工具。因此，本综述的主要目的是批判性地分析文献中当前基于临床和仪器的评估方法，以确定针对小儿脑瘫最有效的方法。这项系统综述检索了1812篇论文，其中只有23篇符合纳入标准，并介绍了评估小儿脑瘫平衡和运动功能的评估方法。这些方法进一步分为基于临床和仪器的评估组。在临床检查中，小儿平衡量表和粗大运动功能测量被视为金标准，在八项研究中有所体现。相比之下，使用Biodex平衡系统测量的姿势摆动、GAITRite系统的步态稳定性指数以及肌电图传感是基于仪器的主要观察指标。尽管有这些多样性，但对于最佳评估方法仍缺乏共识。本综述强调了整合人工智能驱动的指标的潜力，这些指标结合了临床和基于仪器的数据，以提高精度和个性化护理。未来的研究应专注于创建综合的、个性化的档案，以更好地捕捉脑瘫患儿的独特能力，从而实现更个性化、更有效的干预策略。
