基于基因组学发现小麦抗条锈病的优良等位基因和基因

Genomics-driven discovery of superior alleles and genes for yellow rust resistance in wheat.

作者信息

Wu Jianhui, Ma Shengwei, Niu Jianqing, Sun Weihang, Dong Haitao, Zheng Shusong, Zhao Jiwen, Liu Shengjie, Yu Rui, Li Ying, Han Jinyu, Wang Yimin, Chen Tiantian, Zhang Chuanliang, Zhang Wenjing, Ding Bingyou, Chang Lu, Xue Wenbo, Zheng Weijun, Li Chunlian, Han Dejun, Kang Zhensheng, Zeng Qingdong, Ling Hong-Qing

机构信息

State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China.

Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, P. R. China.

出版信息

Nat Genet. 2025 Jul 22. doi: 10.1038/s41588-025-02259-2.

DOI:10.1038/s41588-025-02259-2

PMID:40696174

Abstract

Yellow rust (YR), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, poses a significant threat to wheat production worldwide. Breeding resistant cultivars is crucial for managing this disease. However, our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying YR resistance remains fragmented. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive analysis with variome data from 2,191 wheat accessions worldwide and over 47,000 YR response records across several environments and pathogen races. Through genome-wide association studies, we established a landscape of 431 YR resistance loci, providing a rich resource for resistance gene deployment. Furthermore, we cloned genes corresponding to three resistance loci, namely Yr5x (effective against several P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races), Yr6/Pm5 (conferred resistance to two pathogen species) and YrKB (TaEDR2-B; conferring broad-spectrum rust resistance without yield penalty). These findings offer valuable insights into the genetic basis of YR resistance in wheat and lay the foundation for engineering wheat with durable disease resistance.

摘要

条锈病（YR）由条形柄锈菌小麦专化型（Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici）引起，对全球小麦生产构成重大威胁。培育抗病品种对于防治这种病害至关重要。然而，我们对条锈病抗性的遗传机制的理解仍然支离破碎。为了解决这一问题，我们利用来自全球2191份小麦种质的变异组数据以及在多个环境和病原菌生理小种中超过47000条条锈病反应记录进行了全面分析。通过全基因组关联研究，我们构建了一个包含431个条锈病抗性位点的图谱，为抗性基因的部署提供了丰富的资源。此外，我们克隆了与三个抗性位点相对应的基因，即Yr5x（对多个条形柄锈菌小麦专化型生理小种有效）)、Yr6/Pm5（对两种病原菌具有抗性）和YrKB（TaEDR2-B；赋予广谱锈病抗性且不影响产量）。这些发现为小麦条锈病抗性的遗传基础提供了有价值的见解，并为培育具有持久抗病性的小麦奠定了基础。