Lim Yangmi
Department of Home Economics Education, College of Education, Jeonju University, 303 Cheonjam-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju, 55069, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
BMC Psychol. 2025 Jul 22;13(1):816. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-03139-4.
Media use literature has predominantly adopted a variable-centered approach. However, a limitation of this approach is that it overlooks the nuanced differences between individual participants or groups in media use types. To address this limitation, this study adopts a person-centered approach to identify media use types among third-grade elementary school children based on the time spent on media and purposes. Additionally, the study examined the associations between the media use types and parent and child factors.
Data were collected from 1,327 third-grade children (49.7% girls) in South Korean elementary schools and their parents, who participated in the Panel Study on Korean Children conducted by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education. A latent profile analysis was performed.
This study identified three media use profiles in children: Learning-oriented/shortest-use time (primarily using media for learning purpose and for the shortest duration; 54.2%), Multipurpose-oriented/long-use time (using media for multiple purposes and for a long duration; 22.5%), and Games & entertainment-oriented/longest-use time (primarily using media for games and entertainment purposes and for the longest duration; 23.3%). Children's gender and permissive parenting styles influenced the membership of specific media use profiles. Boys were more likely than girls to belong to the Games & entertainment-oriented/longest-use time profile, whereas girls were more likely than boys to belong to the Multipurpose-oriented/long-use time profile. In addition, higher levels of mothers' permissive parenting styles were associated with an increased likelihood of belonging to the Games & entertainment-oriented/longest-use time profile rather than the Learning-oriented/shortest-use time profile. Overall, the members of the Games & entertainment-oriented/longest-use time profile exhibited the highest levels of problematic media use, executive function difficulties (planning-organizing, behavioral control, and attention-concentration difficulties), and externalizing and internalizing problems.
Based on the research findings, this study recommends intervention strategies for parents (especially mothers) and schools to effectively monitor children's media use and facilitate their healthy media use by considering differential media use types according to children's gender.
媒体使用文献主要采用以变量为中心的方法。然而，这种方法的一个局限性在于它忽略了个体参与者或群体在媒体使用类型上的细微差异。为解决这一局限性，本研究采用以个体为中心的方法，根据媒体使用时间和目的来识别小学三年级学生的媒体使用类型。此外，该研究还考察了媒体使用类型与亲子因素之间的关联。
数据收集自韩国小学的1327名三年级儿童（49.7%为女孩）及其父母，他们参与了韩国儿童保育与教育研究所开展的韩国儿童面板研究。进行了潜在剖面分析。
本研究识别出儿童的三种媒体使用模式：学习导向型/最短使用时间（主要将媒体用于学习目的且使用时间最短；54.2%）、多用途导向型/长时间使用（将媒体用于多种目的且使用时间长；22.5%）以及游戏与娱乐导向型/最长使用时间（主要将媒体用于游戏和娱乐目的且使用时间最长；23.3%）。儿童的性别和宽松的育儿方式影响了特定媒体使用模式的归属。男孩比女孩更有可能属于游戏与娱乐导向型/最长使用时间模式，而女孩比男孩更有可能属于多用途导向型/长时间使用模式。此外，母亲较高水平的宽松育儿方式与属于游戏与娱乐导向型/最长使用时间模式而非学习导向型/最短使用时间模式的可能性增加相关。总体而言，游戏与娱乐导向型/最长使用时间模式的成员表现出最高水平的问题性媒体使用、执行功能困难（计划组织、行为控制和注意力集中困难）以及外化和内化问题。
基于研究结果，本研究为家长（尤其是母亲）和学校推荐干预策略，以便通过根据儿童性别考虑不同的媒体使用类型来有效监测儿童的媒体使用并促进其健康的媒体使用。
