中国中老年人的午睡、夜间睡眠与认知功能
Naps, night-time sleep and cognitive function among middle-aged and older people in China.
作者信息
Zhou Xiuxiu, Tan Yutang, He Di, Wu Hong
机构信息
Wuhan Mental Health Center Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2025 Jul 23;20(7):e0328367. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0328367. eCollection 2025.
BACKGROUND
There is increasing interest in how sleep affects cognitive function; however, the combined impact of naps and night-time sleep on different cognitive domains is still not well understood. This study investigates the relationship between naps, night-time sleep, and cognitive function over time among middle-aged and older adults in China, as well as how this relationship may differ between rural and urban residents.
METHODS
A total of 2,938 community residents aged 45 and older were selected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, conducted in 2013, 2015, and 2018). The study examined the relationship between napping, night-time sleep, and cognitive function using fixed-effects analysis over a period of five years.
RESULTS
Sleeping 6-8 hours/ night and napping for less than 30 minutes/ day were associated with better cognitive function (β = 0.383, 95% CI: 0.198, 0.567) and memory (β = 0.304, 95% CI: 0.155, 0.451) across the entire sample. In contrast, sleeping more than 8 hours/ night and napping more than 90 minutes/ day were associated with poor mental status. Specifically, sleeping 6-8 hours/ night was significantly associated with better cognitive function (β = 0.501, 95% CI: 0.252, 0.750) and memory (β = 0.372, 95% CI: 0.173, 0.572) in rural respondents. Sleeping more than 8 hours/ night was associated with poorer mental status among urban respondents (β = -0.291, 95% CI: -0.551, -0.032). Rural respondents who napped less than 90 minutes/ day had improved cognitive function. Napping for more than 90 minutes/ day was significantly correlated with cognitive function and mental status, which was primarily observed among urban respondents.
CONCLUSIONS
Considerable differences were observed between rural and urban areas regarding the relationship between napping, night-time sleep, and cognitive function. When designing interventions to enhance cognitive function, it's essential to take into account cultural context, geographical factors, and individual differences.
背景
睡眠如何影响认知功能越来越受到关注；然而，午睡和夜间睡眠对不同认知领域的综合影响仍未得到充分理解。本研究调查了中国中老年人午睡、夜间睡眠与认知功能随时间的关系，以及城乡居民之间这种关系可能存在的差异。
方法
从中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS，于2013年、2015年和2018年进行）中选取了2938名45岁及以上的社区居民。该研究使用固定效应分析，在五年时间内考察了午睡、夜间睡眠与认知功能之间的关系。
结果
在整个样本中，每晚睡6 - 8小时且每天午睡少于30分钟与较好的认知功能（β = 0.383，95%置信区间：0.198，0.567）和记忆力（β = 0.304，95%置信区间：0.155，0.451）相关。相比之下，每晚睡超过8小时且每天午睡超过90分钟与精神状态不佳相关。具体而言，农村受访者中，每晚睡6 - 8小时与较好的认知功能（β = 0.501，95%置信区间：0.252，0.750）和记忆力（β = 0.372，95%置信区间：0.173，0.572）显著相关。城市受访者中，每晚睡超过8小时与较差的精神状态相关（β = -0.291，95%置信区间：-0.551，-0.032）。每天午睡少于90分钟的农村受访者认知功能有所改善。每天午睡超过90分钟与认知功能和精神状态显著相关，这主要在城市受访者中观察到。
结论
在午睡、夜间睡眠与认知功能的关系方面，城乡之间存在显著差异。在设计增强认知功能的干预措施时，必须考虑文化背景、地理因素和个体差异。
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