Syahidah A, Saad C R, Hassan M D, Rukayadi Y, Norazian M H, Kamarudin M S
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Clinical Veterinary Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selang or, Malaysia.
Pak J Biol Sci. 2017;20(2):70-81. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2017.70.81.
The problems of bacterial diseases in aquaculture are primarily controlled by antibiotics. Medicinal plants and herbs which are seemed to be candidates of replacements for conventional antibiotics have therefore gained increasing interest. Current study was performed to investigate the presence of phytochemical constituents, antibacterial activities and composition of antibacterial active compounds in methanolic extract of local herb, Piper betle .
Qualitative phytochemical analysis was firstly carried out to determine the possible active compounds in P. betle leaves methanolic extract. The antibacterial activities of major compounds from this extract against nine fish pathogenic bacteria were then assessed using TLC-bioautography agar overlay assay and their quantity were determined simultaneously by HPLC method.
The use of methanol has proved to be successful in extracting numerous bioactive compounds including antibacterial compounds. The TLC-bioautography assay revealed the inhibitory action of two compounds which were identified as hydroxychavicol and eugenol. The $-caryophyllene however was totally inactive against all the tested bacterial species. In this study, the concentration of hydroxychavicol in extract was found to be 374.72±2.79 mg g-1, while eugenol was 49.67±0.16 mg g-1.
Based on these findings, it could be concluded that hydroxychavicol and eugenol were the responsible compounds for the promising antibacterial activity of P. betle leaves methanolic extract. This inhibitory action has significantly correlated with the amount of the compounds in extract. Due to its potential, the extract of P. betle leaves or it compounds can be alternative source of potent natural antibacterial agents for aquaculture disease management.
水产养殖中细菌性疾病问题主要通过抗生素来控制。因此，药用植物似乎有望成为传统抗生素的替代品，从而受到越来越多的关注。本研究旨在调查当地草药蒌叶甲醇提取物中的植物化学成分、抗菌活性及抗菌活性化合物的组成。
首先进行定性植物化学分析，以确定蒌叶甲醇提取物中可能的活性化合物。然后采用薄层色谱 - 生物自显影琼脂覆盖法评估该提取物中主要化合物对9种鱼类病原菌的抗菌活性，并通过高效液相色谱法同时测定其含量。
事实证明，使用甲醇成功提取了多种生物活性化合物，包括抗菌化合物。薄层色谱 - 生物自显影分析显示两种化合物具有抑制作用，经鉴定为羟基查耳酮和丁香酚。然而，β-石竹烯对所有测试细菌均无活性。在本研究中，提取物中羟基查耳酮的浓度为374.72±2.79 mg g-1，丁香酚为49.67±0.16 mg g-1。
基于这些发现，可以得出结论，羟基查耳酮和丁香酚是蒌叶甲醇提取物具有良好抗菌活性的主要成分。这种抑制作用与提取物中化合物的含量显著相关。鉴于其潜力，蒌叶提取物或其化合物可成为水产养殖疾病管理中强效天然抗菌剂的替代来源。
