Zohoursoleimani Razieh, Aeini Milad, Ghodoum Parizipour Mohamad Hamed
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural, Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 26;15(1):27216. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13578-z.
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) has become a major threat to global tomato production, causing significant economic losses. Due to the limited efficacy of conventional control methods, alternative strategies are urgently needed. This study evaluated the effects of biotic and abiotic elicitors-including bacterial polysaccharides from Pseudomonas fluorescens 1442 and Burkholderia gladioli G15, salicylic acid (SA), and mechanical wounding-on resistance induction in tomato plants infected with ToBRFV. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse under controlled environmental conditions, using a completely randomized design with seven treatments and five replicates. Bacterial elicitors were applied via foliar spray in two applications at one-week intervals; a 0.5 mM SA solution was similarly applied, and mechanical wounding was induced using a sterile punch. Disease severity was visually assessed at pre-flowering, flowering, and fruiting stages. Defense responses were evaluated by measuring the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), as well as the expression of defense-related genes, Pathogenesis-Related Protein 1b (PR1b), Coronatine-Insensitive Protein 1 (COI1), and Nonexpressor of PR Genes 1 (NPR1), using qRT-PCR. The results indicated that the combined P. fluorescens and B. gladioli (P + B) treatment significantly enhanced defense enzyme activities, upregulated gene expression, and reduced symptom severity more effectively than individual treatments. Additionally, the combined elicitor treatment improved plant growth parameters, suggesting a synergistic effect that offers a promising strategy for ToBRFV management.
番茄褐色皱果病毒（ToBRFV）已成为全球番茄生产的主要威胁，造成了重大经济损失。由于传统防治方法效果有限，迫切需要替代策略。本研究评估了生物和非生物激发子——包括荧光假单胞菌1442和唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌G15的细菌多糖、水杨酸（SA）和机械损伤——对感染ToBRFV的番茄植株抗性诱导的影响。实验在可控环境条件的温室中进行，采用完全随机设计，有七个处理组，每个处理组重复五次。细菌激发子通过叶面喷施分两次施用，间隔一周；同样施用0.5 mM的SA溶液，并使用无菌打孔器造成机械损伤。在开花前、开花期和结果期对病害严重程度进行目视评估。通过测量过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）的活性，以及使用qRT-PCR检测防御相关基因病程相关蛋白1b（PR1b）、冠菌素不敏感蛋白1（COI1）和PR基因非表达子1（NPR1）的表达，来评估防御反应。结果表明，荧光假单胞菌和唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌联合处理（P + B）比单独处理更能显著提高防御酶活性、上调基因表达并更有效地减轻症状严重程度。此外，联合激发子处理改善了植株生长参数，表明存在协同效应，为ToBRFV的管理提供了一种有前景的策略。
