老鹰茶多糖提取工艺、理化性质及生物活性的综合评价：超声提取与热水提取的比较
Comprehensive evaluation of extraction process, physicochemical properties and bioactivities of hawk tea polysaccharides: comparison of ultrasonic and hot water extraction.
作者信息
Wang Jianlong, Li Jiangfei, Zeng Deyong, Zhou Zhilong, Zhang Yue, Ye Guanjun, Hu Shuaimin, Xin Naicheng, Li Runze, Cifuentes Alejandro, Ibañez Elena, Baranenko Denis, Lu Weihong
机构信息
Department of Food Nutrition and Health, School of Medicine and Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450003, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
Department of Food Nutrition and Health, School of Medicine and Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; The Intelligent Equipment Research Center for the Development of Special Medicine and Food Resources, Chongqing Research Institute of HIT, Harbin Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China.
出版信息
Ultrason Sonochem. 2025 Jul 24;120:107477. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107477.
Hawk tea (HT) is a long-established substitute tea, rich in polysaccharides and other biologically active ingredients, with research value in food science and medicine. Therefore, this study, utilized ultrasonic extraction (UAE) to extract HT polysaccharides (UHTP). The disparities in extraction yield, energy consumption, and HT structure between UAE and hot water extraction (HWE) were contrasted to elucidate the extraction mechanism. Subsequently, the physicochemical properties and in vitro activities of the UHTP and polysaccharides extracted by hot water (HTP) were examined and evaluated to reveal the correlation between physicochemical properties and bioactivities. The results manifested that under optimal UAE conditions, the polysaccharide yield was 11.08 ± 0.07%. Compared to HWE, UAE had a 17.00% higher extraction yield, 42.66% less energy consumption, and 42.67% lower CO emissions. The improved UAE efficiency stemmed from its greater capacity to modify cell wall composition, disrupt microstructure, and reduce particle size, facilitating mass transfer. Moreover, compared with HTP, UHTP exhibits lower molecular weight and apparent viscosity, higher content of uronic acid (36.81% increase). UAE notably induced polysaccharide chain degradation, yielding UHTP with more homogeneity, smaller particle size, and rougher surface. Ultimately, UHTP demonstrates stronger antioxidant, hypoglycemic and prebiotic activities. Overall, this study offers a theoretical foundation and new prospects for the highly efficient extraction mechanism and the correlation between physicochemical properties and bioactivities of HT polysaccharides.
鹰茶（HT）是一种历史悠久的代用茶，富含多糖和其他生物活性成分，在食品科学和医学领域具有研究价值。因此，本研究采用超声提取法（UAE）提取鹰茶多糖（UHTP）。对比了超声提取法和热水提取法（HWE）在提取率、能耗和鹰茶结构上的差异，以阐明提取机制。随后，对超声提取的多糖（UHTP）和热水提取的多糖（HTP）的理化性质和体外活性进行了检测和评估，以揭示理化性质与生物活性之间的相关性。结果表明，在最佳超声提取条件下，多糖得率为11.08±0.07%。与热水提取法相比，超声提取法的提取率提高了17.00%，能耗降低了42.66%，二氧化碳排放量降低了42.67%。超声提取法效率的提高源于其更强的改变细胞壁组成、破坏微观结构和减小粒径的能力，从而促进了传质。此外，与HTP相比，UHTP的分子量和表观粘度较低，糖醛酸含量较高（增加了36.81%）。超声提取显著导致多糖链降解，产生了均一性更高、粒径更小、表面更粗糙的UHTP。最终，UHTP表现出更强的抗氧化、降血糖和益生元活性。总体而言，本研究为鹰茶多糖的高效提取机制以及理化性质与生物活性之间的相关性提供了理论基础和新的前景。
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