Wang Zeng-Tao, Dang Chuang-Wei, You Rui-Ling, Li Shuo, Jiang Ting-Ting, Zhu Feng-Bo, Gu Cai-Long
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Yuzhou People's Hospital, Xuchang, 461670, China.
Key Laboratory of Infectious Pathogens, Yuzhou Sub-laboratory, Xuchang, 461670, China.
BMC Womens Health. 2025 Jul 28;25(1):374. doi: 10.1186/s12905-025-03918-6.
Cervical cancer remains a significant global health challenge, particularly among women of childbearing age (15-49 years). Recent data indicate a steady rise in cervical cancer incidence and mortality. This study investigates how age, period, and cohort affect cervical cancer prevalence worldwide from 1990 to 2021, with a focus on regional variations in burden based on the socio-demographic index (SDI).
The analysis used data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study, which provided age-standardized rates of incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years, and prevalence across 204 countries. We evaluated the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of cervical cancer in women aged 15-49 years using Joinpoint regression and an age-period-cohort framework to assess the influence of age, time period, and generational effects.
From 1990 to 2021, the global ASPR for cervical cancer increased from 91.60 per 100,000 (95% UI: 86.20-97.40) to 105.00 per 100,000 (95% UI: 96.40-114.00). The total number of cases worldwide increased from 1.23 million (95% UI: 1.15-1.30) in 1990 to 2.05 million (95% UI: 1.88-2.23) in 2021. Using Joinpoint regression, we identified distinct trends in ASPR among women aged 15-49 years over the study period, with varying patterns of increase or decline across regions with different SDI levels, reflecting complex socioeconomic and healthcare influences. The highest prevalence was found in women aged 40-44 years, with this age group exhibiting the peak prevalence. The cohort effects had the most significant impact in middle-SDI and lower-SDI regions due to disparities in healthcare infrastructure and prevention efforts.
The rising global prevalence of cervical cancer highlights the growing challenge this disease presents, particularly in low-resource settings, where significant difficulties remain. Our age-period-cohort analysis highlights significant regional variations, emphasizing the need for enhanced access to HPV vaccination and screening, particularly in lower-SDI regions. This study underscores the critical necessity for global efforts to reduce cervical cancer rates and strengthen preventive healthcare measures.
宫颈癌仍然是一项重大的全球健康挑战，在育龄妇女（15 - 49岁）中尤为突出。近期数据显示宫颈癌的发病率和死亡率呈稳步上升趋势。本研究调查了1990年至2021年年龄、时期和队列如何影响全球宫颈癌患病率，重点关注基于社会人口指数（SDI）的负担区域差异。
分析使用了2021年全球疾病负担（GBD）研究的数据，该研究提供了204个国家的年龄标准化发病率、死亡率、伤残调整生命年和患病率。我们使用Joinpoint回归和年龄 - 时期 - 队列框架评估15 - 49岁女性宫颈癌的年龄标准化患病率（ASPR），以评估年龄、时间段和代际效应的影响。
从1990年到2021年，全球宫颈癌ASPR从每10万人91.60例（95% UI：86.20 - 97.40）增至每10万人105.00例（95% UI：96.40 - 114.00）。全球病例总数从1990年的123万例（95% UI：115 - 130万）增至2021年的205万例（95% UI：188 - 223万）。通过Joinpoint回归，我们确定了研究期间15 - 49岁女性ASPR的不同趋势，不同SDI水平区域的增减模式各异，反映了复杂的社会经济和医疗保健影响。40 - 44岁女性的患病率最高，该年龄组呈现患病率峰值。由于医疗基础设施和预防措施的差异，队列效应在中等SDI和低SDI区域影响最为显著。
全球宫颈癌患病率上升凸显了该疾病带来的日益严峻的挑战，特别是在资源匮乏地区，那里仍然存在重大困难。我们的年龄 - 时期 - 队列分析突出了显著的区域差异，强调需要增加人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗接种和筛查的可及性，特别是在低SDI区域。本研究强调了全球努力降低宫颈癌发病率和加强预防性医疗保健措施的迫切必要性。
