Cui Xin, Chen Liping, Zheng Hui, Meng Xin, Tian Lu, Wu Bin, Xie Shiyong, Wang Wei, Shi Xuefeng
Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.
BMC Ophthalmol. 2025 Jul 28;25(1):426. doi: 10.1186/s12886-025-04272-9.
To investigate changes in choriocapillaris blood flow density (CFD) and identify factors influencing axial elongation in Chinese children and adolescents with mild to moderate myopia.
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 288 participants aged 8 to 15 years were recruited from Tianjin Eye Hospital, including 186 children and adolescents with myopia and 102 age-matched participants without refractive error who served as the control group. Based on cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE), the myopic participants were further categorized into moderate and mild myopia groups. Refractive power was determined through refraction tests, while various parameters-including axial length (AL) and choriocapillaris flow density (CFD)-were obtained through ophthalmic examinations. Statistical analyses were performed to examine changes in CFD and to identify factors associated with axial length.
AL and SE differed significantly among all three groups (all P < 0.001). SFCT was significantly lower in the moderate myopia group compared to the mild myopia and control groups (P < 0.05 for both comparisons), while no significant differences in SFCT or FRT were found between the mild myopia and control groups(all P > 0.05).CFD-peri was significantly lower in the moderate myopia group compared to both the mild myopia and control groups (P = 0.006 and P < 0.001, respectively), while no significant differences were found in CFD-fovea or CFD-para among the three groups(P > 0.05).Spearman correlation analysis revealed significant negative correlations between AL and SE (r = -0.770), SFCT (r = -0.170), CFD-fovea (r = -0.347), CFD-para (r = -0.368), and CFD-peri (r = -0.359) (all P < 0.01). Hierarchical regression analysis identified SE (β = -0.751, P < 0.001) and CFD-peri (β = -0.118, P = 0.005) as independent predictors of axial length, with the final model explaining 71.5% of its variance (R² = 0.715).
Choriocapillaris blood flow density in the macular region changes in the early stages of myopia, showing decreases in the perifoveal region. Both SE and CFD-peri may serve as potential biomarkers for predicting axial length elongation in the early stage of myopia.
探讨中国轻中度近视儿童及青少年脉络膜毛细血管血流密度（CFD）的变化，并确定影响眼轴长度的因素。
进行一项基于医院的横断面研究。从天津眼科医院招募了288名年龄在8至15岁的参与者，其中包括186名近视儿童及青少年，以及102名年龄匹配的无屈光不正参与者作为对照组。根据散瞳后的等效球镜度（SE），将近视参与者进一步分为中度近视组和轻度近视组。通过验光测试确定屈光度数，同时通过眼科检查获得包括眼轴长度（AL）和脉络膜毛细血管血流密度（CFD）在内的各项参数。进行统计分析以研究CFD的变化，并确定与眼轴长度相关的因素。
三组之间的AL和SE差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.001）。中度近视组的SFCT显著低于轻度近视组和对照组（两组比较均P<0.05），而轻度近视组和对照组之间的SFCT或FRT无显著差异（均P>0.05）。中度近视组的CFD-周边显著低于轻度近视组和对照组（分别为P=0.006和P<0.001），而三组之间的CFD-黄斑中心凹或CFD-黄斑旁无显著差异（P>0.05）。Spearman相关性分析显示，AL与SE（r=-0.770）、SFCT（r=-0.170）、CFD-黄斑中心凹（r=-0.347）、CFD-黄斑旁（r=-0.368）和CFD-周边（r=-0.359）之间均存在显著负相关（均P<0.01）。分层回归分析确定SE（β=-0.751，P<0.001）和CFD-周边（β=-0.118，P=0.005）为眼轴长度的独立预测因素，最终模型解释了其71.5%的变异（R²=0.715）。
近视早期黄斑区脉络膜毛细血管血流密度发生变化，表现为黄斑中心凹周围区域血流密度降低。SE和CFD-周边均可作为预测近视早期眼轴长度延长的潜在生物标志物。
