Thoene Michael, Zglejc-Waszak Kamila, Jozwik Marcin, Wojtkiewicz Joanna
Department of Medical Biology, School of Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland.
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
Cancers (Basel). 2025 Jul 17;17(14):2373. doi: 10.3390/cancers17142373.
: Bisphenol A (BPA) is found throughout the environment and exposure to it has been shown to cause several health problems, including cancer. The problem with BPA is that it is a xenoestrogen that is chemically very similar to 17β-estradiol. Chronic exposure to BPA overstimulates the estrogen receptors and leads to inflammation that triggers several pathways leading to cancer progression. This is especially true in the case of hormone-sensitive breast cancers. This article reviewed the main pathways thought to be involved in the formation and/or progression of the most common forms of hormone-sensitive breast cancers due to BPA exposure. The main results were compiled and presented in tables along with a more detailed discussion of each pathway within the text. In most cases, chronic BPA exposure led to inflammation, which then triggered pathways leading to cancer stem cell formation and maintenance. In other cases, BPA exposure led to the formation of reactive oxygen species that damaged DNA and caused the formation of mutated p53 and tumorigenesis. : The article summarizes the key pathways that are currently known, pertaining to how BPA leads to the progression and maintenance of breast cancer. The article then concludes by discussing how prenatal and perinatal BPA exposure may also predispose women to hormone-sensitive breast cancers later in life.
双酚A（BPA）在整个环境中都有发现，接触它已被证明会导致多种健康问题，包括癌症。双酚A的问题在于它是一种外源性雌激素，在化学结构上与17β-雌二醇非常相似。长期接触双酚A会过度刺激雌激素受体，导致炎症，进而引发多条导致癌症进展的途径。对于激素敏感性乳腺癌来说尤其如此。本文综述了因接触双酚A而被认为与最常见的激素敏感性乳腺癌的形成和/或进展有关的主要途径。主要结果被整理成表格呈现，并在文中对每条途径进行了更详细的讨论。在大多数情况下，长期接触双酚A会导致炎症，进而触发导致癌症干细胞形成和维持的途径。在其他情况下，接触双酚A会导致活性氧的形成，活性氧会损伤DNA，导致突变型p53的形成和肿瘤发生。本文总结了目前已知的关于双酚A如何导致乳腺癌进展和维持的关键途径。文章最后讨论了产前和围产期接触双酚A如何也可能使女性在晚年易患激素敏感性乳腺癌。
