García-Salirrosas Elizabeth Emperatriz, Millones-Liza Dany Yudet, Rondon-Eusebio Rafael Fernando, Esponda-Pérez Jorge Alberto, Salas-Tenesaca Eulalia Elizabeth, Armas-Herrera Reinaldo, Zumba-Zúñiga María Fernanda
Faculty of Management Science, Universidad Autónoma del Perú, Lima 15842, Peru.
Universidad Tecnológica del Perú, Lima 15487, Peru.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2025 Jul 14;15(7):951. doi: 10.3390/bs15070951.
This study examines the relationship between fear of failure, entrepreneurial passion, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy among university business students from four emerging Latin American economies: Mexico, Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador. This research addresses the need to understand the psychological factors that influence entrepreneurship, particularly in developing economies. Using non-probability convenience sampling, surveys were distributed between June 2021 and August 2022, and 961 valid responses were obtained. Scales from renowned researchers were used, which were translated and semantically validated in Spanish to measure the three variables. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with PLS. The overall results reveal that fear of failure negatively affects entrepreneurial passion, while entrepreneurial passion has a positive and significant relationship with entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Furthermore, entrepreneurial passion has a positive and significant relationship with fear of failure and entrepreneurial self-efficacy, with substantial differences between countries. Gender differences were also identified: in women, all relationships in the model were significant, while in men, the direct effect of fear of failure on entrepreneurial self-efficacy did not reach statistical significance. These findings contribute to the entrepreneurship literature by demonstrating that the relationship between these psychological variables varies by context (country) and gender, contradicting the notion of a universal effect.
本研究考察了来自四个拉丁美洲新兴经济体（墨西哥、哥伦比亚、秘鲁和厄瓜多尔）的大学商科学生中，对失败的恐惧、创业热情和创业自我效能感之间的关系。本研究满足了理解影响创业的心理因素的需求，尤其是在发展中经济体中。采用非概率便利抽样，于2021年6月至2022年8月期间发放调查问卷，共获得961份有效回复。使用了知名研究者的量表，并将其翻译成西班牙语并进行语义验证，以测量这三个变量。使用偏最小二乘法结构方程模型对数据进行分析。总体结果显示，对失败的恐惧对创业热情有负面影响，而创业热情与创业自我效能感呈正相关且具有显著关系。此外，创业热情与对失败的恐惧和创业自我效能感呈正相关且具有显著关系，不同国家之间存在显著差异。还发现了性别差异：在女性中，模型中的所有关系均具有显著性，而在男性中，对失败的恐惧对创业自我效能感的直接影响未达到统计学显著性。这些发现通过证明这些心理变量之间的关系因背景（国家）和性别而异，与普遍效应的概念相矛盾，为创业文献做出了贡献。
