In Vivo and In Vitro Experimental Study Comparing the Effect of a Combination of Sodium Dichloroacetate and Valproic Acid with That of Temozolomide on Adult Glioblastoma.

To date, there is no effective treatment for glioblastoma (GBM). This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of sodium dichloroacetate (NaDCA), a valproic acid and NaDCA combination (VPA-NaDCA), or temozolomide (TMZ) on U87 and T98G cell tumors on the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), and on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), polycomb inhibitory complex catalytic subunit 2 (EZH2), and gene-encoded p53 protein (p53) in tumors on the CAM, and (gene encoding Na-K-2Cl (NKCC1) co-tarnsporter), (gene encoding K-Cl (KCC2) co-transporter), (gene encoding Na-dependent monocarboxylate transporter) and (gene encoding the E-cadherin protein) and (gene encoding the N-cadherin protein) in cells. VPA-NaDCA and TMZ reduced the invasion of U87 and T98G tumors, as well as the expression of PCNA and EZH2 in the tumor. TMZ reduced p53 expression in tumors from both cell lines, whereas VPA-NaDCA did not affect the expression of this marker. VPA-NaDCA, but not TMZ, reduced expression in T98G cells. However, VPA-NaDCA and TMZ did not affect expression in U87 cells. VPA-NaDCA increased expression only in U87 cells, and TMZ did not affect gene expression in either cell line. Only VPA-NaDCA increased expression and decreased expression in T98G cells, whereas TMZ had no effect on gene expression in the study cells. This study demonstrated that VPA-NaDCA exhibits a more effective anticancer effect than NaDCA. The data suggest that VPA-NaDCA has a more effective impact than TMZ; however, the effect of investigational medicines on carcinogenesis varies depending on the cell line. The study of the efficacy of drugs used to treat tumors on the CAM and cells demonstrates that it is essential to assess the effectiveness of treatment, which should be personalized, before administering chemotherapy.