Zhu Cheng, Li Zhi, Liu Ruiwen, Huang Taocui
Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China.
Genes (Basel). 2025 Jul 17;16(7):831. doi: 10.3390/genes16070831.
Scattering of kernels due to angular dehiscence is a key bottleneck in mechanized harvesting of oilseed rape. In this study, a dual-track "genotype-phenotype" screening strategy was established by innovatively integrating high-throughput KASP molecular marker technology and a standardized random collision phenotyping system for the complex quantitative trait of angular resistance. Through the systematic evaluation of 634 oilseed rape hybrid progenies, it was found that the KASP marker S12.68, targeting the cleavage resistance locus (BnSHP1) on chromosome C9, achieved a 73.34% introgression rate (465/634), which was significantly higher than the traditional breeding efficiency (<40%). Phenotypic characterization screened seven excellent resources with cracking resistance index (SRI) > 0.6, of which four reached the high resistance standard (SRI > 0.8), including the core materials NR21/KL01 (SRI = 1.0) and YuYou342/KL01 (SRI = 0.97). Six breeding intermediate materials (44.7-48.7% oil content, mycosphaerella resistance MR grade or above) were created, combining high resistance to chipping and excellent agronomic traits. For the first time, it was found that local germplasm YuYou342 (non-KL01-derived line) was purely susceptible at the S12.68 locus (SRI = 0.86), but its angiosperm vascular bundles density was significantly increased by 37% compared with that of the susceptible material 0911 ( < 0.01); and the material 187308 (SRI = 0.78), although purely susceptible at S12.68, had a 2.8-fold downregulation in expression of the angiosperm-related gene, BnIND1, and a 2.8-fold downregulation of expression of the angiosperm-related gene, BnIND1. expression was significantly downregulated 2.8-fold (q < 0.05), indicating the existence of a novel resistance mechanism independent of the primary effector locus. The results of this research provide an efficient technical platform and breakthrough germplasm resources for oilseed rape crack angle resistance breeding, which is of great practical significance for promoting the whole mechanized production.
角果开裂导致的籽粒散落是油菜机械化收获的关键瓶颈。本研究通过创新性地整合高通量KASP分子标记技术和针对角果抗性复杂数量性状的标准化随机碰撞表型系统，建立了双轨“基因型-表型”筛选策略。通过对634份油菜杂交后代的系统评价，发现靶向C9染色体上抗裂位点（BnSHP1）的KASP标记S12.68的导入率达到73.34%（465/634），显著高于传统育种效率（<40%）。表型鉴定筛选出7份抗裂指数（SRI）>0.6的优良资源，其中4份达到高抗标准（SRI>0.8），包括核心材料NR21/KL01（SRI = 1.0）和渝油342/KL01（SRI = 0.97）。创制了6份育种中间材料（含油量44.7-48.7%，抗菌核病MR级及以上），兼具高抗裂性和优良农艺性状。首次发现本地种质渝油342（非KL01衍生系）在S12.68位点纯合感病（SRI = 0.86），但其角果维管束密度比感病材料0911显著增加37%（<0.01）；材料187308（SRI = 0.78）虽在S12.68位点纯合感病，但其角果相关基因BnIND1的表达下调2.8倍，表明存在独立于主要效应位点的新型抗性机制。本研究结果为油菜抗裂角育种提供了高效技术平台和突破性种质资源，对推动全程机械化生产具有重要现实意义。
