Moreira María Fernanda, Azócar-Aedo Lucía, Gallardo Paffetti María, Ricardo Tamara
Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile.
Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
Vet Med Sci. 2025 Sep;11(5):e70529. doi: 10.1002/vms3.70529.
Bovine leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonotic disease that significantly impacts animal production and public health, leading to abortions and infertility in cattle. The aims of our study were (1) to quantitatively summarize the global and regional prevalence of anti-Leptospira antibodies in bovines and (2) to determine the most frequently reported serovars and serogroups affecting bovines.
A systematic literature search was conducted across five electronic databases and a search engine. Eligible studies were published between January 2018 and December 2023 in English, Spanish, or Portuguese and used the MAT for diagnosis. The methodological quality of the documents was assessed using published guidelines. Multilevel random-effects logistic regression meta-analysis models for single proportions, with parameters calculated via maximum likelihood, were used to estimate the pooled prevalence of anti-Leptospira antibodies. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the Q and I tests, whereas publication bias was evaluated with the Begg and Egger tests.
The meta-analysis included 77 studies, estimating global pooled seroprevalence of 39.5% (95% CI: 33.1%-46.3%). The pooled seroprevalence was 42.7% in the Americas (95% CI: 34.5%-51.4%), 44.3% in Europe (95% CI: 6.7%-89.8%), 37.5% in Asia (95% CI: 25.4%-51.4%), and 27.4% in Africa (95% CI: 19.9%-36.4%). In 55 studies, 18 serovars were identified, with a higher frequency observed in Hardjo (31.1%), Pomona (9.8%), and Icterohaemorrhagiae (8.2%). Additionally, 65 studies reported serogroup-specific seroprevalence, leading to Sejroe (54.9%), Pomona (9.9%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (8.5%), and Tarassovi (5.6%).
The high global seroprevalence of anti-Leptospira antibodies highlights the need for increased surveillance of leptospirosis in bovines. Preventive strategies should be improved to mitigate the effects of bovine leptospirosis in both animal production and public health.
牛钩端螺旋体病是一种全球分布的人畜共患病，对动物生产和公共卫生有重大影响，可导致牛流产和不育。我们研究的目的是：（1）定量总结全球和区域牛抗钩端螺旋体抗体的流行情况；（2）确定影响牛的最常报告的血清型和血清群。
在五个电子数据库和一个搜索引擎中进行系统的文献检索。符合条件的研究于2018年1月至2023年12月期间以英文、西班牙文或葡萄牙文发表，并使用微量凝集试验（MAT）进行诊断。使用已发表的指南评估文献的方法学质量。采用单比例的多水平随机效应逻辑回归荟萃分析模型，通过最大似然法计算参数，以估计抗钩端螺旋体抗体的合并流行率。使用Q检验和I²检验评估统计异质性，使用Begg检验和Egger检验评估发表偏倚。
荟萃分析纳入了77项研究，估计全球合并血清阳性率为39.5%（95%可信区间：33.1%-46.3%）。美洲的合并血清阳性率为42.7%（95%可信区间：34.5%-51.4%），欧洲为44.3%（95%可信区间：6.7%-89.8%），亚洲为37.5%（95%可信区间：25.4%-51.4%），非洲为27.4%（95%可信区间：19.9%-36.4%）。在55项研究中，鉴定出18种血清型，其中Hardjo型（31.1%）、Pomona型（9.8%）和出血性黄疸型（8.2%）出现频率较高。此外，65项研究报告了血清群特异性血清阳性率，其中Sejroe群（54.9%）、Pomona群（9.9%）、出血性黄疸群（8.5%）和塔拉索夫群（5.6%）。
全球抗钩端螺旋体抗体的高血清阳性率凸显了加强牛钩端螺旋体病监测的必要性。应改进预防策略，以减轻牛钩端螺旋体病对动物生产和公共卫生的影响。
