Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
Smart Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
Nutrients. 2021 Dec 16;13(12):4500. doi: 10.3390/nu13124500.
Whether dietary and nutrition and dietary patterns are associated with the development of dementia is an interesting research question. Participants of a longitudinal cohort study that included European adults who were middle to old aged at baseline and who had not been diagnosed with dementia at baseline (2006-2010) and had not been diagnosed with dementia or died within 5 years after baseline were followed up (until 2018) and analyzed. Associations between intake frequency of each food class measured by the food-frequency questionnaire at baseline and incident dementia 5 years after baseline were analyzed after correcting for confounding variables. A total of approximately 340,000 participants and 900 cases were included in the analysis for each food class. Cox proportional hazard models with self-reported intake level of each food category divided into four mostly equally divided categorical variables revealed a high intake of bread, moderate total meat and total fish intake and low vegetable and fruit intake were thus associated with a small but significant decrease in the onset risk of dementia, while poultry and cereal were not. These findings are mostly inconsistent with the idea that Mediterranean diet is associated with lower risk of subsequent incident dementia.
饮食和营养以及饮食模式是否与痴呆的发生有关，这是一个有趣的研究问题。本研究对一项纵向队列研究的参与者进行了随访（截至 2018 年）和分析，该研究纳入了基线时年龄在中年到老年之间、基线时未被诊断为痴呆且在基线后 5 年内未被诊断为痴呆或死亡的欧洲成年人。在对混杂变量进行校正后，分析了基线时通过食物频率问卷测量的每种食物类别的摄入频率与基线后 5 年内发生痴呆的关系。每个食物类别约有 34 万名参与者和 900 例病例纳入分析。采用 Cox 比例风险模型，将每种食物类别的自我报告摄入量分为四个大致均等划分的分类变量，结果表明，高面包摄入、中等总肉和总鱼摄入以及低蔬菜和水果摄入与痴呆发病风险的小幅度显著降低相关，而禽肉和谷物则不然。这些发现与地中海饮食与随后发生的痴呆风险降低相关的观点大多不一致。
