得舒饮食依从性与认知功能：动脉粥样硬化的多种族研究。
DASH diet adherence and cognitive function: Multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.
机构信息
Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
出版信息
Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021 Dec;46:223-231. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.10.004. Epub 2021 Oct 11.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has been associated with better cognitive function in studies of predominantly White participants; few studies have examined this association in diverse cohorts. Our objective was to examine the association between the DASH diet and cognitive function in the diverse Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort.
METHODS
Among 4169 MESA participants, we evaluated prospectively, the association between DASH diet adherence and cognitive function. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire at baseline (2000-2002) and cognitive function was assessed using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI), Digit Symbol Coding (DSC), and Digit Span (DS) at Exam 5 in 2010-2012 and Exam 6 (2016-2019). Regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between quintiles of DASH diet adherence with CASI, DSC, and DS performance and decline, adjusting for potential confounders. Effect modification by hypertension, diabetes, race/ethnicity, acculturation, and exercise were evaluated.
RESULTS
DASH diet adherence was not associated with cognitive performance or decline for any of the measures. There were no differences by racial/ethnic groups, with the exception that Hispanic participants reporting greater DASH diet adherence, performed worse on DS at Exam 5 (p = 0.05). Components of the DASH diet were differentially correlated with test performance: increased consumption of nuts/legumes was associated with better performance on the CASI at Exam 5 (p = 0.003) and Exam 6 (p = 0.007). Increased consumption of whole grains was associated with better DSC performance at Exam 5 (p = 0.04) and better DS performance at Exam 6 (p = 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
DASH diet adherence was nominally associated with cognitive function with a suggestion of differences by race/ethnicity. Future work should examine more closely, the relationships between racial and ethnic groups and the impact of diet on cognitive function.
背景与目的
在以白种人为主的研究中，遵守 DASH（停止高血压的饮食方法）饮食法与更好的认知功能有关；但很少有研究在不同人群中对此关联进行检验。我们的目的是在多样化的动脉粥样硬化多民族研究（MESA）队列中，检验 DASH 饮食与认知功能之间的关联。
方法
在 4169 名 MESA 参与者中，我们前瞻性地评估了 DASH 饮食依从性与认知功能之间的关联。参与者在基线时（2000-2002 年）完成了食物频率问卷，在 2010-2012 年的第五次检查和 2016-2019 年的第六次检查中使用认知能力筛查工具（CASI）、数字符号编码（DSC）和数字跨度（DS）评估认知功能。回归分析用于评估 DASH 饮食依从性五分位数与 CASI、DSC 和 DS 表现和下降之间的关联，并调整了潜在混杂因素。还评估了高血压、糖尿病、种族/民族、文化适应和运动的效应修饰作用。
结果
DASH 饮食依从性与任何一项测量的认知表现或下降均无关。除了报告 DASH 饮食依从性较高的西班牙裔参与者在第五次检查时 DS 表现更差（p=0.05）外，不同种族/民族群体之间没有差异。DASH 饮食的成分与测试表现呈不同相关性：坚果/豆类摄入量增加与第五次和第六次检查时的 CASI 表现更好相关（p=0.003 和 p=0.007）。全谷物摄入量增加与第五次检查时的 DSC 表现更好相关（p=0.04），与第六次检查时的 DS 表现更好相关（p=0.01）。
结论
DASH 饮食依从性与认知功能有一定关联，且与种族/民族有关。未来的研究应更仔细地研究种族和民族群体之间的关系以及饮食对认知功能的影响。
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