Hutapea Damaris Br, Susilawati Yasmiwar, Muhaimin Muhaimin, Amalia Riezki, Mulyani Aisyah Tri, Chaerunisaa Anis Yohana
Doctoral Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Bandung 45363, Indonesia.
Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Bandung 45363, Indonesia.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025 Jul 3;18(7):1001. doi: 10.3390/ph18071001.
: One of the plants found in Indonesian forests that has potential as an herbal medicine is andaliman ( DC.). The fruit of contains phenolic compounds that are known to modulate the immune response. The purpose of this study is to determine the extract profile and immunomodulatory activity of fruit and to develop a soft capsule formulation of the extract in the form of emulsion, which stabilizes and acts as an immunomodulatory candidate. Extract profiling was conducted by liquid chromatography UHPLC-HRMS, and the predicted molecular structure was then used to search for the name of the compound using the mzcloud database. Immunomodulatory activity of the extract and its emulsion was assessed using a lymphocyte viability assay. The extract emulsion to be encapsulated as a soft capsule was developed by employing different types of oil and solubilizer in the oil phase, and a water phase containing the extract and two types of emulsifiers. The chemical composition of andaliman extract was analyzed, including total phenolic content (4%), total flavonoid content (0.35%), and quercetin content (0.13%). Based on LC-HRMS analysis, eleven compounds derived from the ethanolic extract of andaliman were identified as potential immunomodulatory agents. The F3.3F formulation, which contains 30% MCT oil phase with solubilizer lauroyl-PEG-32 glycerides and a water phase with 35% Polysorbat (Tween) 80 emulsifier, provided the most stability. This stability is attributed to the presence of the Tween 80 emulsifier, which has superior wetting and washing functions, strong detergency, and good emulsifying properties compared to the PEG emulsifier used in formulation F3.3E. The survival rates in the lymphocyte cell viability test results indicate that treatment with andaliman extract (173.697% at 15.625 ppm; 174.923% at 31.25 ppm; 168.457% at 62.5 ppm) was better than treatment with kojic acid (144.375% at 15.625 ppm; 137.891% at 31.25 ppm; 146.345% at 62.5 ppm), used as the immunomodulatory agent standard. This study highlights the potential of andaliman extract as an immunomodulatory agent to be developed as an emulsion in a soft capsule.
在印度尼西亚森林中发现的具有作为草药潜力的植物之一是山姜（Zingiberaceae）。山姜果实含有已知可调节免疫反应的酚类化合物。本研究的目的是确定山姜果实提取物的成分和免疫调节活性，并开发一种以乳液形式存在的提取物软胶囊制剂，该制剂稳定且可作为免疫调节候选物。通过超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱（UHPLC-HRMS）进行提取物成分分析，然后使用预测的分子结构在mzcloud数据库中搜索化合物名称。使用淋巴细胞活力测定法评估提取物及其乳液的免疫调节活性。通过在油相中使用不同类型的油和增溶剂，以及在水相中包含提取物和两种乳化剂来开发作为软胶囊包封的提取物乳液。分析了山姜提取物的化学成分，包括总酚含量（4%）、总黄酮含量（0.35%）和槲皮素含量（0.13%）。基于液相色谱-高分辨质谱分析，从山姜乙醇提取物中鉴定出11种化合物作为潜在的免疫调节剂。含有30%中链甘油三酯（MCT）油相和增溶剂月桂酰聚乙二醇-32甘油酯以及含有35%聚山梨酯（吐温）80乳化剂的水相的F3.3F制剂提供了最高的稳定性。这种稳定性归因于吐温80乳化剂的存在，与制剂F3.3E中使用的聚乙二醇乳化剂相比，吐温80具有优异的润湿和洗涤功能、强去污力和良好的乳化性能。淋巴细胞活力测试结果中的存活率表明，用山姜提取物处理（在15.625 ppm时为173.697%；在31.25 ppm时为174.923%；在62.5 ppm时为168.457%）优于用作免疫调节剂标准的 kojic acid处理（在15.625 ppm时为144.375%；在31.25 ppm时为13 /137.891%；在62.5 ppm时为146.345%）。本研究强调了山姜提取物作为免疫调节剂开发成软胶囊乳液的潜力。
