Beceren Ayfer, Hazar-Yavuz Ayse Nur, Bingol Ozakpinar Ozlem, Taskin Duygu, Senkardes Ismail, Taskin Turgut, Cilingir-Kaya Ozlem Tugçe, Kado Ahmad, Caliskan Salihi Elif, Elcioglu Hatice Kubra
Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Türkiye.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Türkiye.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025 Jul 12;18(7):1037. doi: 10.3390/ph18071037.
: subsp. (TL) (Rchb.f.) Jalas is widely used in traditional Turkish medicine for respiratory, digestive and uro-genital disorders. The aim of this study was to determine its phytochemical profile and to evaluate its cytotoxic, genotoxic and acute oral toxicity effects. : The phenolic composition of the methanolic extract was determined by HPLC-DAD. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated in NIH3T3 cells using MTT, comet and micronucleus assays. Acute toxicity was evaluated in rats at doses of 300 and 2000 mg/kg body weight according to the OECD Guideline 420. : Rosmarinic acid (87.37 ± 5.39 µg/mg) was the major phenolic compound. TL extract showed >90% cell viability at 50-200 µg/mL, indicating no cytotoxicity. Comet assay revealed a slight increase in DNA damage at 100-200 µg/mL ( < 0.001), though significantly lower than the HO group ( < 0.001). No significant ( > 0.05) effect was observed in the micronucleus assay between the treated groups. In rats, TL extract caused no mortality or behavioral changes over 14 days. No significant differences were observed in body or organ weights. Hematologically, platelet count increased ( < 0.001) and eosinophils decreased ( < 0.01 and < 0.001). Biochemical tests showed lower ALT and AST levels ( < 0.01 and < 0.05, respectively) and significantly decreased triglycerides in the high-dose group ( < 0.001). Histopathological examination showed no organ damage. : The results of this study indicate that TL methanol extract is non-toxic up to 2000 mg/kg and exhibits no significant cytotoxic or genotoxic effects. These findings support its safe use and traditional medicinal value.
亚种（模式标本）（Rchb.f.）Jalas在传统土耳其医学中广泛用于治疗呼吸、消化和泌尿生殖系统疾病。本研究的目的是确定其植物化学特征，并评估其细胞毒性、遗传毒性和急性经口毒性作用。：通过高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法（HPLC-DAD）测定甲醇提取物的酚类成分。使用MTT、彗星试验和微核试验在NIH3T3细胞中评估细胞毒性和遗传毒性。根据经合组织准则420，以300和2000mg/kg体重的剂量在大鼠中评估急性毒性。：迷迭香酸（87.37±5.39μg/mg）是主要的酚类化合物。TL提取物在50-200μg/mL时显示>90%的细胞活力，表明无细胞毒性。彗星试验显示在100-200μg/mL时DNA损伤略有增加（<0.001），尽管明显低于阳性对照组（<0.001）。在微核试验中，各处理组之间未观察到显著影响（>0.05）。在大鼠中，TL提取物在14天内未引起死亡或行为变化。在体重或器官重量方面未观察到显著差异。血液学方面，血小板计数增加（<0.001），嗜酸性粒细胞减少（<0.01和<0.001）。生化试验显示丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）和天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）水平较低（分别为<0.01和<0.05），高剂量组甘油三酯显著降低（<0.001）。组织病理学检查未显示器官损伤。：本研究结果表明，TL甲醇提取物在高达2000mg/kg时无毒，且未表现出显著的细胞毒性或遗传毒性作用。这些发现支持其安全使用和传统药用价值。
