Uriostegui-Pena Andrea G, Sahare Padmavati, Luna-Bárcenas Gabriel, Paul Sujay
School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Querétaro 76130, Mexico.
Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Querétaro 76130, Mexico.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025 Jul 18;18(7):1060. doi: 10.3390/ph18071060.
Ovarian cancer (OC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies of the female reproductive system. Glucose oxidase (GOx) has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent in cancer treatment by inducing tumor starvation through glucose depletion. Nonetheless, its clinical application is constrained due to its systemic toxicity, immunogenicity, poor in vivo stability, and short half-life. These challenges can be addressed through nanotechnology; in particular, biogenic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) offer promise as drug delivery systems (DDSs) that enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. Biogenic MSNs were extracted from the plant via acid digestion, functionalized with 3-aminopropiltrietoxysilane (APTES) and glutaraldehyde (GTA), and loaded with GOx. The free and immobilized MSNs were characterized using FTIR, DLS, XRD, SEM/EDX, and BET techniques. A colorimetric approach was employed to quantify the enzymatic activity of both the free and immobilized GOx. The MTT assay was employed to assess the viability of SKOV3 cells. The obtained IC concentration of the nanoformulation was administered to SKOV3 cells to analyze the expression of cancer-related genes using RT-qPCR. IC values of 60.77 ng/mL and 111.6 µg/mL were ascertained for the free and immobilized GOx, respectively. Moreover, a significant downregulation of the oncogene β-catenin () was detected after 24 h with the nanoformulation. Our findings indicate that GOx-loaded biogenic MSNs may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report exploring the effect of GOx-loaded biogenic MSNs on SKOV3 cells.
卵巢癌（OC）仍然是女性生殖系统中最致命的恶性肿瘤之一。葡萄糖氧化酶（GOx）已成为癌症治疗中的一种潜在治疗剂，通过消耗葡萄糖诱导肿瘤饥饿。然而，由于其全身毒性、免疫原性、体内稳定性差和半衰期短，其临床应用受到限制。这些挑战可以通过纳米技术来解决；特别是，生物源介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒（MSNs）有望作为药物递送系统（DDSs），在提高治疗效果的同时将副作用降至最低。生物源MSNs通过酸消化从植物中提取，用3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTES）和戊二醛（GTA）进行功能化，并负载GOx。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、动态光散射（DLS）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜/能谱仪（SEM/EDX）和比表面积分析仪（BET）技术对游离和固定化的MSNs进行表征。采用比色法对游离和固定化GOx的酶活性进行定量。采用MTT法评估SKOV3细胞的活力。将获得的纳米制剂的IC浓度施用于SKOV3细胞，以使用逆转录定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）分析癌症相关基因的表达。游离和固定化GOx的IC值分别确定为60.77 ng/mL和111.6 μg/mL。此外，用纳米制剂处理24小时后，检测到癌基因β-连环蛋白（）显著下调。我们的研究结果表明，负载GOx的生物源MSNs可能作为卵巢癌的一种潜在治疗剂。据我们所知，这是第一份探索负载GOx的生物源MSNs对SKOV3细胞影响的报告。
