Ateş Mevlüde Alev, Karaman Seher, Aytaç Zeki, Kaya Zeki
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, 40200 Kırşehir, Türkiye.
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Türkiye.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jul 18;14(14):2226. doi: 10.3390/plants14142226.
With 493 taxa and 63 sections, L. is the largest genus in Türkiye. Most of these are narrow endemics and usually found in marginal habitats or require edaphic specializations (about 42% of the species are endemic). Due to the genus's extensive diversity of species and common economic use, numerous scientific studies have concentrated on specific species. Taxonomic categorization based on morphological characteristics is insufficient to distinguish certain taxonomic groups. However, there is no systematic molecular phylogenetic analysis of Turkish species that deals with speciation in this genus. To concentrate on molecular-level speciation, fresh leaves from 152 samples representing 30 species across six sections native to Türkiye were collected over several months of comprehensive field studies and analyzed with regard to the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nrDNA and the L5'-L3' + L3'-F(GAA) + K of cpDNA regions. Additionally, molecular clock estimations and biogeographical histories were analyzed to clearly understand the species' divergence. Based on all studied regions, the section was found to be the newest and most divergent section, while the Bunge and Bunge sections were the closest and older ones. Furthermore, from section Bunge were included not only in this section but also in several other lineages. It is noteworthy that and species from the section Bunge are usually put together in a distinct sub-branch from other species members of the section in phylogenetic trees generated using both researched cpDNA and nrDNA regions. Moreover, some of the species are divided by the Anatolian diagonal, and the speciation of a significant number of species began during the Pleistocene geological time period. Geographical isolations or other weak isolation mechanisms preceded speciation in , which requires more research in the future.
L.属有493个分类单元和63个组，是土耳其最大的属。其中大多数是狭域特有种，通常见于边缘生境或需要土壤特殊条件（约42%的物种为特有种）。由于该属物种具有广泛的多样性且有常见的经济用途，众多科学研究都集中在特定物种上。基于形态特征的分类不足以区分某些分类群。然而，目前尚无关于该属土耳其物种系统发育的分子系统发育分析来探讨物种形成。为了专注于分子水平的物种形成，在数月的全面野外研究中，采集了代表土耳其本土六个组30个物种的152个样本的新鲜叶片，并针对nrDNA的内部转录间隔区（ITS）以及cpDNA区域的L5'-L3' + L3'-F(GAA) + K进行了分析。此外，还分析了分子钟估计和生物地理历史，以清楚了解物种的分化情况。基于所有研究区域，发现[具体组名]组是最新且分歧最大的组，而[具体组名]组和[具体组名]组是最相近且较古老的组。此外，来自[具体组名]组的[具体物种名]不仅包含在该组中，还包含在其他几个谱系中。值得注意的是，在使用研究的cpDNA和nrDNA区域生成的系统发育树中，来自[具体组名]组的[具体物种名]和[具体物种名]通常与该组的其他物种成员分在一个不同的亚分支中。此外，一些物种被安纳托利亚对角线分隔，大量物种的物种形成始于更新世地质时期。在[具体物种名]中，地理隔离或其他弱隔离机制先于物种形成，这在未来需要更多研究。
