母亲的饮食通过母乳成分的差异塑造婴儿的微生物群，并影响其生命早期抵御感染的能力。

Maternal diet shapes infant microbiota and defensive capacity against infections in early life via differential human milk composition.

作者信息

Rio-Aige Karla, Selma-Royo Marta, Cabrera-Rubio Raúl, González Sonia, Martínez-Costa Cecilia, Castell Margarida, Rodríguez-Lagunas María J, Collado María Carmen, Pérez-Cano Francisco J

机构信息

Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona 08028, Spain; Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Santa Coloma de Gramenet 08921, Spain.

Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia 46980, Spain.

出版信息

EBioMedicine. 2025 Aug;118:105850. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105850. Epub 2025 Jul 29.

DOI:10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105850

PMID:40737758

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12368293/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Maternal nutritional status and dietary profile during pregnancy and lactation have short- and long-term impacts on offspring health. However, there is an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms behind these health effects. This study aims to assess the effect of maternal diet on the health of offspring by examining to unravel the impact of maternal diet on offspring health outcomes and evaluate the link between maternal nutrition, human milk immune components and neonatal colonisation as potential mechanisms that mediate the influence of maternal diet in the incidence of infant infections.

METHODS

To assess this objective, we used two complementary approaches by which a clinical observational study based on the MAMI birth cohort guided a preclinical interventional analysis using a neonatal rat model of rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis.

FINDINGS

The findings in both approaches demonstrated that a maternal diet rich in plant-based protein, fibre and polyunsaturated fatty acids, was linked to reduced incidence and severity of infections in offspring that would be mediated by beneficial modulation of the gut microbiota and immune system. Specifically, in the suckling rats, a predominant Th1 immune response and an enhanced virus-specific response were observed. Moreover, human milk IgA and rat milk IgG2c played a key protective role that complemented the effects of maternal diet.

INTERPRETATION

These results strengthen the importance of maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation supporting infant health.

FUNDING

The study was supported by LaMarató-TV3 (DIM-2-ELI, ref. 2018-27/30-31).

摘要

背景

孕期和哺乳期的母亲营养状况及饮食结构对后代健康有短期和长期影响。然而，对这些健康影响背后的机制尚不完全清楚。本研究旨在通过研究来评估母亲饮食对后代健康的影响，以阐明母亲饮食对后代健康结局的影响，并评估母亲营养、母乳免疫成分与新生儿定植之间的联系，作为介导母亲饮食对婴儿感染发生率影响的潜在机制。

方法

为评估这一目标，我们采用了两种互补方法，即基于MAMI出生队列的临床观察性研究指导使用轮状病毒诱导的肠胃炎新生大鼠模型进行临床前干预分析。

结果

两种方法的研究结果均表明，富含植物性蛋白质、纤维和多不饱和脂肪酸的母亲饮食与后代感染发生率和严重程度的降低有关，这将通过对肠道微生物群和免疫系统的有益调节来介导。具体而言，在乳鼠中，观察到主要的Th1免疫反应和增强的病毒特异性反应。此外，母乳中的IgA和大鼠乳汁中的IgG2c发挥了关键的保护作用，补充了母亲饮食的效果。