Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, Brazil.
Graduate Program in Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, Brazil.
Nutrients. 2022 Aug 8;14(15):3242. doi: 10.3390/nu14153242.
The consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF)-rich diets represents a potential threat to human health. Considering maternal diet adequacy during pregnancy is a major determinant for perinatal health outcomes, this study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze studies investigating the association between maternal consumption of a UPF-rich diet and perinatal outcomes. Conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, five electronic databases and gray literature using Google Scholar and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global were searched up to 31 May 2022. No restrictions were applied on language and publication date. Two reviewers independently conducted the study selection and data extraction process. Meta-analysis was conducted according to the random-effects model. In total, 61 studies were included in the systematic review and the overall population comprised 698,803 women from all gestational trimesters. Meta-analysis of cohort studies showed that maternal consumption of UPF-rich diets was associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (odds ratio (OR): 1.48; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17, 1.87) and preeclampsia (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.42). Neonatal outcomes showed no association. The overall GRADE quality of the evidence for the associations was very low. The findings highlight the need to monitor and reduce UPF consumption, specifically during the gestational period, as a strategy to prevent adverse perinatal outcomes.
超加工食品（UPF）丰富饮食的消费对人类健康构成潜在威胁。考虑到孕期母体饮食充足是围产期健康结果的主要决定因素，本研究旨在系统地回顾和荟萃分析研究母体摄入富含 UPF 的饮食与围产期结局之间的关系。本研究根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行，检索了五个电子数据库和谷歌学术以及 ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global 的灰色文献，检索时间截至 2022 年 5 月 31 日。本研究未对语言和出版日期进行限制。两名审查员独立进行了研究选择和数据提取过程。根据随机效应模型进行荟萃分析。共有 61 项研究被纳入系统评价，总人群包括来自所有妊娠阶段的 698803 名女性。队列研究的荟萃分析表明，母体摄入富含 UPF 的饮食与妊娠期糖尿病（优势比（OR）：1.48；95%置信区间（CI）：1.17，1.87）和子痫前期（OR：1.28；95% CI：1.15，1.42）风险增加相关。新生儿结局无关联。这些关联的证据总体 GRADE 质量为极低。研究结果强调了需要监测和减少 UPF 消费的必要性，特别是在妊娠期，作为预防不良围产期结局的策略。
