运动对久坐不动成年人身体脂肪百分比和心肺适能的影响：一项系统评价和网状荟萃分析

Effects of exercise on body fat percentage and cardiorespiratory fitness in sedentary adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

作者信息

Huang Tian, Feng Huan, Xie Zhengwei, Wang Yubo, Wang Qingchuan, Wang Zhihua

机构信息

College of Physical Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

College of Sports, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China.

出版信息

Front Public Health. 2025 Jul 17;13:1624562. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1624562. eCollection 2025.

DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1624562

PMID:40746688

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12310449/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Sedentary behavior is increasingly prevalent worldwide and associated with numerous health concerns including obesity and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of various exercise interventions on body fat percentage and cardiorespiratory fitness in sedentary adults.

METHODS

A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted. Comprehensive searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases through December 10, 2024. All retrieved literature was imported into EndNote 21 for duplicate removal, and two reviewers independently screened articles and extracted data. Study quality was assessed using the ROB2 tool. Primary outcomes included body fat percentage (BF%), maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max), and peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak). Network meta-analysis used random-effects models with SUCRA ranking and low to moderate heterogeneity (I = 28-41%). Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots.

RESULTS

Fifty-one randomized controlled trials involving 2,201 participants were included. Risk of bias assessment showed 27 studies (52.9%) with low risk, 21 studies (41.2%) with some concerns, and 3 studies (5.9%) with high risk. Funnel plots indicated minimal publication bias. For BF% reduction, aerobic training ranked highest (SUCRA 97.5%), followed by resistance training combined with endurance training (SUCRA:78.2%) and aerobic training combined with strength training (SUCRA:77.4%). For VO₂max, strength training showed superior effectiveness (SUCRA:95.9%). For VO₂peak, aerobic training ranked highest (SUCRA:70.0%).

CONCLUSION

This network meta-analysis demonstrates that aerobic training is most effective for reducing BF%, while strength training shows superior effectiveness for improving VO₂max in sedentary adults. Aerobic training also shows promise for enhancing VO₂peak. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for exercise prescription in sedentary populations, suggesting that different exercise modalities should be selected based on specific health improvement goals.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION

PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=637089), identifier (CRD42025637089).

摘要

背景

久坐行为在全球范围内日益普遍，并与包括肥胖和心血管疾病在内的众多健康问题相关。本研究旨在评估各种运动干预对久坐成年人身体脂肪百分比和心肺适能的相对有效性。

方法

进行了一项随机对照试验的系统评价和网状Meta分析。截至2024年12月10日，在PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和Cochrane图书馆数据库中进行了全面检索。所有检索到的文献都导入EndNote 21进行重复文献去除，两名评审员独立筛选文章并提取数据。使用ROB2工具评估研究质量。主要结局包括身体脂肪百分比（BF%）、最大摄氧量（VO₂max）和峰值摄氧量（VO₂peak）。网状Meta分析使用随机效应模型，采用SUCRA排序，异质性低至中度（I=28-41%）。使用漏斗图评估发表偏倚。

结果

纳入了51项涉及2201名参与者的随机对照试验。偏倚风险评估显示，27项研究（52.9%）风险低，21项研究（41.2%）有一些担忧，3项研究（5.9%）风险高。漏斗图显示发表偏倚最小。对于降低BF%，有氧训练排名最高（SUCRA 97.5%），其次是抗阻训练与耐力训练相结合（SUCRA：78.2%）以及有氧训练与力量训练相结合（SUCRA：77.4%）。对于VO₂max，力量训练显示出更好的效果（SUCRA：95.9%）。对于VO₂peak，有氧训练排名最高（SUCRA：70.0%）。