沙特阿拉伯儿童和青少年维生素D状态与哮喘控制水平之间的关联：一项回顾性横断面研究

Association between vitamin D status and asthma control levels among children and adolescents: a retrospective cross sectional study in Saudi Arabia.

作者信息

Alolayan Abdullah, Al-Wutayd Osama

机构信息

Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.

Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.

出版信息

BMC Pediatr. 2025 Aug 1;25(1):585. doi: 10.1186/s12887-025-05969-y.

DOI:10.1186/s12887-025-05969-y

PMID:40751233

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Asthma in children is one of the most common chronic disorders, with a significant impact on patients and their families. Few studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to determine the association between vitamin D status and asthma control. Additionally, it investigates the level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and its associated factors among asthmatic children and adolescents in Qassim region.

METHODS

This retrospective cross sectional study identified patients aged 1-15 years from January 2018 to January 2024, who attended pediatric clinics at Sulaiman Alhabib Hospital in Buraydah city, Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Data on age, gender, body mass index (BMI), 25(OH)D levels, and seasonal variations were obtained from hospital records.

RESULTS

A total of 431 asthmatic patients were identified, with a median [IQR] age of 9 [7-12] years. Among them, 268 (62.2%) had vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L; <20 ng/mL), with an overall median [IQR] 25(OH)D level of 42.6 nmol/L [31.6-58.8]; 17.0 ng/mL [12.6-23.5]. The median serum 25(OH)D level was highest in autumn and lowest in spring. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that participants aged 1-7 years (β = 19.3, 95% CI: 14.4 to 24.1, p < 0.001) and male participants (β = 4.9, 95% CI: 0.4 to 9.4, p = 0.033) had significantly higher 25(OH)D levels, whereas obese patients (β = -8.6, 95% CI: -14.7 to -2.6, p = 0.005), and those with 25(OH)D levels measured during the spring season (β = -6.5, 95% CI: -12.4 to -0.7, p = 0.029) had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels. The median [IQR] serum 25(OH)D levels for controlled, partially controlled, and uncontrolled asthma were 41.8 nmol/L [31-58]; 16.7 ng/mL [12.4-23.2], 43.6 nmol/L [30-61]; 17.4 ng/mL [12-24.4], and 45.2 nmol/L [30-57]; 18.1 ng/mL [12-22.8], respectively. Age, BMI, 25(OH)D levels, and seasonal variations were not found to be associated with asthma control levels.

CONCLUSION

Vitamin D deficiency was common among asthmatic children and adolescents. Lack of statistical association was observed between independent variables (age, gender, 25(OH)D levels, seasonal variations, and BMI) and asthma control in this setting. Routine assessment of vitamin D levels may not predict asthma control status.

摘要

背景

儿童哮喘是最常见的慢性疾病之一，对患者及其家庭有重大影响。沙特阿拉伯开展的相关研究较少。本研究旨在确定维生素D状态与哮喘控制之间的关联。此外，还调查了卡西姆地区哮喘儿童和青少年的25-羟维生素D（25(OH)D）水平及其相关因素。

方法

这项回顾性横断面研究纳入了2018年1月至2024年1月期间年龄在1至15岁、在沙特阿拉伯卡西姆地区布赖代市苏莱曼·哈比卜医院儿科门诊就诊的患者。从医院记录中获取年龄、性别、体重指数（BMI）、25(OH)D水平和季节变化的数据。

结果

共确定了431例哮喘患者，中位[四分位间距]年龄为9[7 - 12]岁。其中，268例（62.2%）存在维生素D缺乏（25(OH)D＜50 nmol/L；＜20 ng/mL），总体中位[四分位间距]25(OH)D水平为42.6 nmol/L[31.6 - 58.8]；17.0 ng/mL[12.6 - 23.5]。血清25(OH)D水平中位数在秋季最高，春季最低。多元线性回归分析显示，1至7岁的参与者（β = 19.3，95%置信区间：14.4至24.1，p＜0.001）和男性参与者（β = 4.9，95%置信区间：0.4至9.4，p = 0.033）的25(OH)D水平显著更高，而肥胖患者（β = -8.6，95%置信区间：-14.7至-2.6，p = 0.005）以及在春季测量25(OH)D水平的患者（β = -6.5，95%置信区间：-12.4至-0.7，p = 0.029）的25(OH)D水平显著更低。哮喘控制良好、部分控制和未控制患者的血清25(OH)D水平中位数[四分位间距]分别为41.8 nmol/L[31 - 58]；16.7 ng/mL[12.4 - 23.2]、43.6 nmol/L[30 - 61]；17.4 ng/mL[12 - 24.4]和45.2 nmol/L[30 - 57]；18.1 ng/mL[12 - 22.8]。未发现年龄、BMI、25(OH)D水平和季节变化与哮喘控制水平相关。