Moreira Vinícius Marques, Lima Leonardo Coelho Rabello de, Mortatti Arnaldo Luis, Souza Thiago Mattos Frota de, Lima Fernando Vitor, Oliveira Saulo Fernandes Melo, Cabido Christian Emmanuel Torres, Aidar Felipe J, Costa Manoel da Cunha, Pires Thiago, Acioli Tatiana, Fermino Rogério César, Assumpção Cláudio Oliveira, Banja Túlio
Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil.
School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil.
Muscles. 2023 May 8;2(2):218-227. doi: 10.3390/muscles2020016.
The aim of the study was to analyze muscle activation in the three positions of the deadlift (DL). Twenty male participants (33.4 ± 3.9 years; 42.2 ± 9.1 months of experience with DL; 91.0 ± 14.8 kg; and 1.78 ± 0.06 m) pulled a bar through isometric actions in three DL positions: lift-off, mid-pull, and lockout. Isometric strength, knee angle, and activation of the rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), lateral gastrocnemius (GAL), and erector spinae (ERE) muscles were collected. The analysis of variance showed that the maximum isometric force presented differences between the positions ( = 0.001; η = 0.973) considered large with higher values at the mid-pull position. Interactions were found between muscles and position ( = 0.001; η = 0.527) considered large. The RF and ERE showed greater activation in the lift-off position, while in the mid-pull position, there was greater activation of the BF and GAL muscles. The DL positions produce different activations in the bi-articular and uni-articular muscles. The lift-off requires more activation from the RF and ERE positions. The mid-pull position, despite generating greater force, presented greater activations in the BF and GAL. The ERE showed higher activations as the external torque was greater.
本研究的目的是分析硬拉（DL）三个位置的肌肉激活情况。二十名男性参与者（年龄33.4±3.9岁；硬拉经验42.2±9.1个月；体重91.0±14.8千克；身高1.78±0.06米）在硬拉的三个位置通过等长动作拉动杠铃：起始、拉至中部和锁定。收集了等长力量、膝关节角度以及股直肌（RF）、股二头肌（BF）、腓外侧肌（GAL）和竖脊肌（ERE）的激活情况。方差分析表明，最大等长力量在各位置之间存在差异（=0.001；η=0.973），差异被认为较大，在拉至中部位置的值更高。发现肌肉与位置之间存在交互作用（=0.001；η=0.527），差异被认为较大。RF和ERE在起始位置表现出更大的激活，而在拉至中部位置，BF和GAL肌肉有更大的激活。硬拉的不同位置在双关节和单关节肌肉中产生不同的激活。起始位置需要RF和ERE更多的激活。拉至中部位置尽管产生更大的力量，但BF和GAL有更大的激活。随着外部扭矩增大，ERE表现出更高的激活。
