Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
Laboratory of Kinesiology, Biomechanics and Ergonomics (KIBIOMER Lab.), Research Central Services, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
PLoS One. 2020 Feb 27;15(2):e0229507. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229507. eCollection 2020.
The main purpose of this review was to systematically analyze the literature concerning studies which have investigated muscle activation when performing the Deadlift exercise and its variants. This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Statement (PRISMA). Original studies from inception until March 2019 were sourced from four electronic databases including PubMed, OVID, Scopus and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) a cross-sectional or longitudinal study design; (b) evaluation of neuromuscular activation during Deadlift exercise or variants; (c) inclusion of healthy and trained participants, with no injury issues at least for six months before measurements; and (d) analyzed "sEMG amplitude", "muscle activation" or "muscular activity" with surface electromyography (sEMG) devices. Major findings indicate that the biceps femoris is the most studied muscle, followed by gluteus maximus, vastus lateralis and erector spinae. Erector spinae and quadriceps muscles reported greater activation than gluteus maximus and biceps femoris muscles during Deadlift exercise and its variants. However, the Romanian Deadlift is associated with lower activation for erector spinae than for biceps femoris and semitendinosus. Deadlift also showed greater activation of the quadriceps muscles than the gluteus maximus and hamstring muscles. In general, semitendinosus muscle activation predominates over that of biceps femoris within hamstring muscles complex. In conclusion 1) Biceps femoris is the most evaluated muscle, followed by gluteus maximus, vastus lateralis and erector spinae during Deadlift exercises; 2) Erector spinae and quadriceps muscles are more activated than gluteus maximus and biceps femoris muscles within Deadlift exercises; 3) Within the hamstring muscles complex, semitendinosus elicits slightly greater muscle activation than biceps femoris during Deadlift exercises; and 4) A unified criterion upon methodology is necessary in order to report reliable outcomes when using surface electromyography recordings.
本综述的主要目的是系统分析研究硬拉及其变体运动时肌肉激活的文献。本研究按照系统评价和荟萃分析报告的首选条目（PRISMA）进行。从四个电子数据库（PubMed、OVID、Scopus 和 Web of Science）中检索了从开始到 2019 年 3 月的原始研究。纳入标准如下：（a）横断面或纵向研究设计；（b）评估硬拉及其变体运动时的神经肌肉激活；（c）纳入健康和训练有素的参与者，在测量前至少 6 个月无受伤问题；（d）使用表面肌电图（sEMG）设备分析“sEMG 幅度”、“肌肉激活”或“肌肉活动”。主要发现表明，股二头肌是研究最多的肌肉，其次是臀大肌、股外侧肌和竖脊肌。硬拉及其变体运动时，竖脊肌和股四头肌的激活程度大于臀大肌和股二头肌。然而，罗马尼亚硬拉与股二头肌和半腱肌相比，竖脊肌的激活程度较低。硬拉还显示出比臀大肌和腘绳肌更大的股四头肌激活。一般来说，半腱肌在腘绳肌复合体中的激活程度大于股二头肌。总之，1）在硬拉运动中，股二头肌是评估最多的肌肉，其次是臀大肌、股外侧肌和竖脊肌；2）硬拉运动时，竖脊肌和股四头肌的激活程度大于臀大肌和股二头肌；3）在腘绳肌复合体中，半腱肌在硬拉运动时比股二头肌产生稍大的肌肉激活；4）为了使用表面肌电图记录报告可靠的结果，有必要对方法学采用统一的标准。
