Karlıdağ Semiramis
Battalgazi Vocational School, University of Malatya Turgut Ozal, Malatya, Türkiye.
Food Nutr Res. 2025 Aug 1;69. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v69.12234. eCollection 2025.
Honey, bee pollen and propolis are natural apicultural products whose chemical composition and biological activities are influenced by the floral characteristics of the regions in which they are produced. In this study, the phenolic profiles and antioxidant properties of honey, pollen and propolis samples collected from two distinct altitudinal zones (Yamadağ and Battalgazi) and derived from two different bee genotypes ( and ) were systematically compared.
The phenolic content of the ethanol extracts was quantified in terms of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The phenolic composition was identified using HPLC-PDA (high-performance liquid chromatography - photodiode array detector), calibrated with 26 phenolic standards. The antioxidant activity was assessed using the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity.
The findings of this study demonstrate that both regional flora and bee genotype significantly affect the phenolic composition and antioxidant capacities of these bee products. Specifically, was found to be more influential for pollen production, while exhibited greater significance in propolis. Furthermore, the results highlighted that, in terms of phenolic content and antioxidant potential, propolis exhibited approximately 300 times the richness of honey and 20 times the richness of pollen.
Thus, the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of bee products vary depending on factors such as regional flora, bee genotype and geographical location.
蜂蜜、蜂花粉和蜂胶是天然蜂产品，其化学成分和生物活性受产地花卉特征的影响。在本研究中，系统比较了从两个不同海拔区域（亚马达格和巴塔尔加济）采集的、源自两种不同蜜蜂基因型（ 和 ）的蜂蜜、花粉和蜂胶样品的酚类成分及抗氧化特性。
乙醇提取物中的酚类含量通过总酚含量（TPC）和总黄酮含量（TFC）进行定量。酚类成分采用高效液相色谱 - 光电二极管阵列检测器（HPLC - PDA）进行鉴定，使用26种酚类标准品进行校准。抗氧化活性通过铁还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）测定法和二苯基苦味酰基自由基清除活性进行评估。
本研究结果表明，区域植物群和蜜蜂基因型均显著影响这些蜂产品的酚类成分和抗氧化能力。具体而言，发现 对花粉生产的影响更大，而 在蜂胶中表现出更大的重要性。此外，结果突出显示，就酚类含量和抗氧化潜力而言，蜂胶的丰富程度约为蜂蜜的300倍、花粉的20倍。
因此，蜂产品的酚类成分和抗氧化活性因区域植物群、蜜蜂基因型和地理位置等因素而异。
