Siurua Elin, Alle Kjell-Åke, Bergenholtz Mari, Lendahls Lena, Holmberg Sara
Kvinnokliniken, Vrinnevisjukhuset, Norrköping, Sweden.
Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Växjö, Sweden.
Ups J Med Sci. 2025 Jul 14;130. doi: 10.48101/ujms.v130.12227. eCollection 2025.
This study aimed to describe eating patterns among individuals with overweight and obesity and to investigate associations between eating patterns and anthropometric measures, including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, and blood pressure.
This study enrolled a cohort of adults with overweight or obesity ( = 176) participating in a clinical trial focused on weight reduction. Self-reported eating patterns were assessed as part of the trial's baseline survey. Trained study nurses conducted measurements of anthropometric indicators and blood pressure. To examine associations, statistical analyses included the application of the Mann-Whitney U-test, Fisher's exact test, the chi-squared test, and linear regression models as appropriate.
The median age of the participants was 55 years (interquartile range [IQR] 12), 79% were female, and the median BMI was 33 kg/m (IQR 5). The predominant eating pattern identified was characterized by five meals per day, including breakfast, two prepared meals, and two snacks. Among older participants (≥ 55 years), 51% reported eating two prepared meals per day as compared to 75% among the younger ( <> 0.05). A higher percentage of older participants reported consuming more than one snack per day (82% vs. 68%, = 0.04). Additionally, older participants were more likely to rate their eating habits as 'good' compared to their younger counterparts (64% vs. 52%, = 0.03). Women reported a higher number of eating occasions than men (> 3/day: 93% vs. 78%, = 0.01) and a higher frequency of snacks (> 1 snack/day: 79% vs. 61%, = 0.03). No significant associations between the number of eating occasions or number of snacks and BMI, waist circumference, or blood pressure (systolic and/or diastolic) were found in regression models when age and sex were considered.
Varying eating patterns were observed among adults with overweight and obesity according to age and sex. No association between eating patterns and anthropometric measures or blood pressure independent of age and sex was found.
本研究旨在描述超重和肥胖个体的饮食模式，并调查饮食模式与人体测量指标（包括体重指数（BMI）和腰围）及血压之间的关联。
本研究纳入了一组超重或肥胖的成年人（n = 176），他们参与了一项以减重为重点的临床试验。作为试验基线调查的一部分，对自我报告的饮食模式进行了评估。经过培训的研究护士对人体测量指标和血压进行了测量。为了检验关联，统计分析包括酌情应用曼-惠特尼U检验、费舍尔精确检验、卡方检验和线性回归模型。
参与者的年龄中位数为55岁（四分位间距[IQR] 12），79%为女性，BMI中位数为33 kg/m²（IQR 5）。确定的主要饮食模式的特点是每天五餐，包括早餐、两顿正餐和两顿零食。在年龄较大的参与者（≥55岁）中，51%报告每天吃两顿正餐，而年龄较小的参与者中这一比例为75%（P<0.05）。更高比例的年龄较大的参与者报告每天吃不止一顿零食（82%对68%，P = 0.04）。此外，与年龄较小的参与者相比，年龄较大的参与者更有可能将自己的饮食习惯评为“良好”（64%对52%，P = 0.03）。女性报告的进餐次数比男性多（>3次/天：93%对78%，P = 0.01），吃零食的频率也更高（>1次/天：79%对61%，P = 0.03）。在考虑年龄和性别的回归模型中，未发现进餐次数或零食数量与BMI、腰围或血压（收缩压和/或舒张压）之间存在显著关联。
根据年龄和性别，超重和肥胖成年人的饮食模式各不相同。未发现饮食模式与人体测量指标或血压之间存在独立于年龄和性别的关联。
