Fan Ya-Fang, He Xiao-Yong, Liu Jian, Chen Wen-Jin, Cheng Yu-Chen, Zhao Yuan-Zheng
Plant Protection Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010031, China.
Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou, 014109, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 5;15(1):28621. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-12266-2.
Red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is widely cultivated and consumed globally. Exploring the effects of straw return and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of red kidney beans is essential for developing optimal straw return and nitrogen management practices to increase grain yield for food security. Field experiments were conducted for three consecutive years (2022-2024) to study the effects of two straw return methods and four nitrogen fertilization levels on the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation, yield and its components of red kidney beans. The results showed that chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation, yield and its components improved significantly under straw return (ST) compared to no straw return (NST). Increasing nitrogen supply can promote the effect of straw return. Across all three seasons, the ST + N135 treatment produced the highest values for all measured traits. Chlorophyll content, Pn, Gs, Tr, dry matter accumulation, and yield increased increased 28.91-34.60%, 22.40-28.65%, 27.83-30.67%, 25.68-27.89%, 23.45-28.62%, and 17.08-21.05% under ST + N135 treatment. The ST + N90 treatment yielded the highest planting profit at $6378.84 per hectare. Our findings demonstrated the ST + N90 treatment was an effective way to achieve stable, high yields of red kidney beans and maximize farmers' income, which could be promoted and applied in Inner Mongolia.
红芸豆（菜豆）在全球广泛种植和食用。探索秸秆还田和氮肥对红芸豆生长和产量的影响，对于制定最佳秸秆还田和氮肥管理措施以提高粮食产量保障粮食安全至关重要。连续三年（2022 - 2024年）进行田间试验，研究两种秸秆还田方式和四个氮肥施用量水平对红芸豆叶绿素含量、光合特性、干物质积累、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明，与不进行秸秆还田（NST）相比，秸秆还田（ST）显著提高了叶绿素含量、光合特性、干物质积累、产量及其构成因素。增加氮素供应可促进秸秆还田的效果。在所有三个季节中，ST + N135处理的所有测定性状值最高。在ST + N135处理下，叶绿素含量、净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、干物质积累和产量分别提高了28.91 - 34.60%、22.40 - 28.65%、27.83 - 30.67%、25.68 - 27.89%、23.45 - 28.62%和17.08 - 21.05%。ST + N90处理的种植利润最高，为每公顷6378.84美元。我们的研究结果表明，ST + N90处理是实现红芸豆稳定高产和最大化农民收入的有效途径，可在内蒙古推广应用。
