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识别并清理贾科莫·巴拉的《男子肖像》/欧金尼奥·里瓦一幅历史画作层中的洋葱基残留物。

Identification and cleaning of an onion-based residue in a historical layer of Giacomo Balla's Ritratto d'uomo / Eugenio Riva.

作者信息

Macchia Andrea, de Caro Tilde, Colapietro Marcello, Carnazza Paola

机构信息

YOCOCU, Youth in Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Rome, Italy.

CNR-ISMN, Institute of Nanostructured Materials National Research Council, Rome, Italy.

出版信息

Commun Chem. 2025 Aug 6;8(1):230. doi: 10.1038/s42004-025-01622-y.

DOI:10.1038/s42004-025-01622-y
PMID:40770065
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12328668/
Abstract

The restoration of Giacomo Balla's "Ritratto d'uomo" / Eugenio Riva provided new insights into the long-term effects of historical cleaning treatments and their impact on the painting's surface. This study documents the identification of an onion-based residue, likely resulting from a mid-20th-century restoration attempt. A combination of FTIR ATR spectroscopy, SEM/EDS, UV imaging, and DNA analysis confirmed the organic nature of the layer, with genetic sequencing detecting Allium cepa fragments, further supporting its attribution. To remove this aged residue, enzymatic cleaning with amylase proved to be the most effective and controlled method, ensuring the selective removal of the layer without affecting the underlying paint. The comparative evaluation of polar solvent alternatives highlighted their differential action on the phenolic and carbohydrate components of the residue. Further analyses (XRF and SEM/EDS) determined the structural composition of the painting, revealing the stratigraphy of the layers and identifying the pigments used in Balla's palette.

摘要

贾科莫·巴拉的《男子肖像》修复 / 欧金尼奥·里瓦提供了关于历史清洁处理的长期影响及其对画作表面影响的新见解。本研究记录了一种基于洋葱的残留物的鉴定，这可能是20世纪中叶修复尝试的结果。傅里叶变换红外光谱衰减全反射法（FTIR ATR）、扫描电子显微镜/能谱仪（SEM/EDS）、紫外成像和DNA分析相结合，证实了该层的有机性质，基因测序检测到洋葱（Allium cepa）片段，进一步支持了其归属。事实证明，用淀粉酶进行酶促清洁是去除这种陈旧残留物最有效且可控的方法，可确保选择性地去除该层而不影响底层颜料。对极性溶剂替代品的比较评估突出了它们对残留物中酚类和碳水化合物成分的不同作用。进一步分析（X射线荧光光谱法和扫描电子显微镜/能谱仪）确定了画作的结构组成，揭示了各层的地层学特征，并识别出巴拉调色板中使用的颜料。

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