Anisimova O K, Shchennikova A V, Kochieva E Z, Filyushin M A
Skryabin Institute of Bioengineering, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071 Russia.
Acta Naturae. 2025 Apr-Jun;17(2):41-51. doi: 10.32607/actanaturae.27639.
A plant's defense response involves the accumulation of flavonoids, whose biosynthetic pathway in garlic L. remains not characterized. In this work, we identified eight genes of chalcone synthases in the genome which presumably catalyze the first stage of flavonoid synthesis in garlic plants. These genes were found to be localized on 4 chromosomes: , contain 1 to 2 introns, whereas , are intronless. The analysis of the organ-specific gene expression profiles revealed significant transcript levels for and . Only was shown to change its expression level in response to abiotic stressors (salinity, drought, cold) and exogenous phytohormones (abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate). These findings suggest that two out of the eight genes, and , control flavonoid synthesis during garlic development, with being the most active chalcone synthase gene. The other six genes (, ) may be involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in highly specialized cells/tissues/organs or the developmental stages of the garlic plant. Our results on the identification and characterization of garlic chalcone synthase genes may facilitate further analysis of the mechanisms that regulate stress adaptation in and other species. A plant's defense response involves the accumulation of flavonoids, whose biosynthetic pathway in garlic L. remains not characterized. In this work, we identified eight genes of chalcone synthases in the genome which presumably catalyze the first stage of flavonoid synthesis in garlic plants. These genes were found to be localized on 4 chromosomes: , contain 1 to 2 introns, whereas , are intronless. The analysis of the organ-specific gene expression profiles revealed significant transcript levels for and . Only was shown to change its expression level in response to abiotic stressors (salinity, drought, cold) and exogenous phytohormones (abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate). These findings suggest that two out of the eight genes, and , control flavonoid synthesis during garlic development, with being the most active chalcone synthase gene. The other six genes (, ) may be involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in highly specialized cells/tissues/organs or the developmental stages of the garlic plant. Our results on the identification and characterization of garlic chalcone synthase genes may facilitate further analysis of the mechanisms that regulate stress adaptation in and other species.
植物的防御反应涉及类黄酮的积累，其在大蒜中的生物合成途径仍未明确。在这项研究中，我们在基因组中鉴定出八个查尔酮合酶基因，它们可能催化大蒜植物中类黄酮合成的第一阶段。这些基因位于4条染色体上： ，含有1至2个内含子，而 ，无内含子。对器官特异性基因表达谱的分析显示， 和 的转录水平显著。只有 被证明会响应非生物胁迫（盐度、干旱、寒冷）和外源植物激素（脱落酸、茉莉酸甲酯）而改变其表达水平。这些发现表明，八个基因中的两个， 和 ，在大蒜发育过程中控制类黄酮的合成，其中 是最活跃的查尔酮合酶基因。其他六个基因（ ）可能参与高度特化的细胞/组织/器官或大蒜植物发育阶段中的类黄酮生物合成。我们对大蒜查尔酮合酶基因的鉴定和表征结果可能有助于进一步分析调节大蒜及其他物种应激适应的机制。植物的防御反应涉及类黄酮的积累，其在大蒜中的生物合成途径仍未明确。在这项研究中，我们在基因组中鉴定出八个查尔酮合酶基因，它们可能催化大蒜植物中类黄酮合成的第一阶段。这些基因位于4条染色体上： ，含有1至2个内含子，而 ，无内含子。对器官特异性基因表达谱的分析显示， 和 的转录水平显著。只有 被证明会响应非生物胁迫（盐度、干旱、寒冷）和外源植物激素（脱落酸、茉莉酸甲酯）而改变其表达水平。这些发现表明，八个基因中的两个， 和 ，在大蒜发育过程中控制类黄酮的合成，其中 是最活跃的查尔酮合酶基因。其他六个基因（ ）可能参与高度特化的细胞/组织/器官或大蒜植物发育阶段中的类黄酮生物合成。我们对大蒜查尔酮合酶基因的鉴定和表征结果可能有助于进一步分析调节大蒜及其他物种应激适应的机制。
