Saiz-Pérez Josué, Fenoll Carmen, Mena Montaña
Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Jul 23;16:1641102. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1641102. eCollection 2025.
Stomata comprise two guard cells that function as microscopic valves in the plant epidermis, connecting mesophyll interstices to the atmosphere. Stomata regulate gas exchange and evapotranspiration, directly impacting photosynthesis and leaf temperature regulation, and their function is thus crucial for plant adaptability and fitness. In Arabidopsis, stomatal development is primarily driven by three basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors: SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE, and FAMA, and occurs within the broader context of leaf development. During leaf development, a characteristic division-to-differentiation transition zone, marked by the first cell cycle arrest front (1 AF), progresses from the apex to the base of the leaf blade. The repeated division of meristemoids (M), self-renewing cells of stomatal lineages, is not halted during 1 AF, requiring a second arrest front, which is associated with activity of the PEAPOD (PPD) proteins, PEAPOD1 (PPD1) and PEAPOD2 (PPD2), which form a transcriptional repressor complex that halts M stem cell-like activity; however, the relationship between PPDs and stomatal development has not been fully elucidated. Here, we review data on PPD-mediated regulation of light signaling and the cell cycle and the influence of these factors on stomatal development.
气孔由两个保卫细胞组成，它们在植物表皮中起微观阀门的作用，将叶肉间隙与大气相连。气孔调节气体交换和蒸散作用，直接影响光合作用和叶片温度调节，因此其功能对植物的适应性和健康至关重要。在拟南芥中，气孔发育主要由三种基本的螺旋-环-螺旋转录因子驱动：无口（SPCH）、沉默（MUTE）和法马（FAMA），并且发生在叶片发育的更广泛背景下。在叶片发育过程中，一个以第一个细胞周期停滞前沿（1 AF）为标志的特征性分裂到分化过渡区从叶片顶端向基部推进。分生细胞（M）是气孔谱系的自我更新细胞，在1 AF期间其重复分裂不会停止，需要第二个停滞前沿，这与豌豆荚（PPD）蛋白、豌豆荚1（PPD1）和豌豆荚2（PPD2）的活性相关，它们形成一个转录抑制复合物，从而停止M的干细胞样活性；然而，PPD与气孔发育之间的关系尚未完全阐明。在这里，我们综述了关于PPD介导的光信号和细胞周期调节的数据，以及这些因素对气孔发育的影响。
