Deshpande Mugdha, Kajale Neha, Shah Nikhil, Gondhalekar Ketan, Patwardhan Vivek, Raiturker Anagha Pai, Gupte Sanjay, Patankar Leena, Khadilkar Anuradha
Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Department of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol. 2025 Aug 8;11(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s40748-025-00223-w.
Maternal nutrition indicated by fat and fat-free mass gains is a sensitive determinant of infant growth; however, there is a dearth of literature on the impact of specific body composition indicators on infant growth, especially from India. Thus, we aimed to study trends in body composition of pregnant women according to pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) through gestation and at birth and to evaluate the effect of maternal body composition changes on infant morphometry at birth.
We analyzed data on 268 pregnant women enrolled in a prospective observational longitudinal (MAI: Mother and Infant) cohort. Pregnant women and their infants were longitudinally measured for their anthropometry and women were measured for body composition and interviewed for socio-demography, diet, and physical activity once in each trimester during pregnancy. Pearson's correlation analysis and linear regression were performed to assess the relationship between maternal body composition and the infant's morphometry at birth. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Among women belonging to underweight, normal, and overweight/obese BMI category, gestational weight gain (GWG%) and post-partum weight loss (%) were 27.5 ± 9.2, 21.7 ± 7.8, 16.9 ± 7.5 and - 10.1 ± 4.4, -8.7 ± 3.4, -7.3 ± 2.5 respectively. Fat (%) increased during pregnancy and decreased at childbirth (Underweight: 24.6 ± 4.0 vs. 29.7 ± 4.0 and 26.7 ± 3.9, normal: 32.5 ± 3.8 vs. 37.0 ± 3.7 and 34.3 ± 4.2, overweight/obese: 42.0 ± 4.1 vs. 45.5 ± 4.0 and 44.3 ± 4.6). Sedentary (r = 0.405), and light activity (r = 0.334), and dietary fat intake(r = 0.231) were correlated with fat%(p < 0.05 for all). Fat gain among women in underweight (B: 0.05, 95%CI: 0.005-0.09) and normal BMI category (B:0.04, 95%CI: 0.008-0.07), but not overweight/obese BMI category (B = 0.04, 95% CI: -0.01-0.09) was a significant predictor of infant birth weight.
Distinct BMI categories exhibited varying trends of change in fat percentage where women belonging to the underweight BMI category gained the highest fat% and lost most of it during childbirth as compared to those in the overweight/obese BMI category. An increase in fat among women in the underweight and normal but not overweight/obese BMI categories was associated with infant birth weight.
以脂肪和去脂体重增加所表示的孕产妇营养是婴儿生长的一个敏感决定因素；然而，关于特定身体成分指标对婴儿生长的影响，尤其是来自印度的相关文献却很匮乏。因此，我们旨在研究孕期及分娩时孕妇的身体成分根据孕前体重指数（BMI）的变化趋势，并评估孕产妇身体成分变化对婴儿出生时形态学指标的影响。
我们分析了268名纳入前瞻性观察性纵向队列研究（MAI：母亲与婴儿）的孕妇的数据。对孕妇及其婴儿进行纵向人体测量，在孕期的每个 trimester 对孕妇进行身体成分测量，并就社会人口统计学、饮食和身体活动进行访谈。采用Pearson相关分析和线性回归来评估孕产妇身体成分与婴儿出生时形态学指标之间的关系。P值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
在体重过轻、正常以及超重/肥胖BMI类别的女性中，孕期体重增加（GWG%）和产后体重减轻（%）分别为27.5±9.2、21.7±7.8、16.9±7.5以及-10.1±4.4、-8.7±3.4、-7.3±2.5。脂肪（%）在孕期增加，在分娩时减少（体重过轻：24.6±4.0对29.7±4.0以及26.7±3.9，正常：32.5±3.8对37.0±3.7以及34.3±4.2，超重/肥胖：42.0±4.1对45.5±4.0以及44.3±4.6）。久坐（r = 0.405）、轻度活动（r = 0.334）以及膳食脂肪摄入（r = 0.
