Miamoto Angélica, Marques João Paulo Rodrigues, Dias-Arieira Cláudia Regina
Graduate Programme in Agronomy, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Jul 24;16:1599195. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1599195. eCollection 2025.
The genus is one of the most significant groups of plant-parasitic nematodes. Plant species capable of inhibiting the development and reproduction of this pathogen can be utilized as a management strategy. This study aimed to analyze the structural (constitutive and induced) and biochemical defense responses of the legume 'Java' in interaction with . The response of 'Java' to was evaluated in two trials by inoculating 2000 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2), with tomato used as a susceptible control. The reproduction factor (RF) was assessed 60 days after inoculation (DAI). Histochemical tests were conducted to observe constitutive and induced defense traits in 'Java' and tomato at 10, 20, and 30 DAI. Additionally, the reaction with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine was evaluated at 5 DAI, and root tips were examined using scanning electron microscopy at 30 DAI. The total protein content in roots was also measured at 8 and 12 DAI. In both trials, 'Java' showed RF < 1 (0.7 and 0.8) and was considered resistant to , while tomato was susceptible, with RF > 1 (16.7 and 21.2). Histochemical analyses revealed constitutive defenses in 'Java', including the accumulation of phenolic compounds in phloem ducts and widespread suberin thickening in endodermal cells, whereas tomato exhibited only limited suberin thickening. Induced defenses in 'Java' included nematode females surrounded by cells with phenolic compound and protein accumulation, as well as deformed females and malformed giant cells with few cell wall invaginations at feeding sites. In tomato, feeding site development and nematode reproduction occurred without the accumulation of defensive compounds. Reaction with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine was more pronounced in 'Java' (42%) compared to tomato (23%). Scanning electron microscopy showed that giant cells in 'Java' were, on average, 46% smaller than those in tomato. Furthermore, 'Java' exhibited higher total protein levels when inoculated with compared to the non-inoculated plant or tomato. In conclusion, 'Java' exhibits both constitutive and induced defense traits, which inhibit the full development and reproduction of in its roots.
该属是植物寄生线虫中最重要的类群之一。能够抑制这种病原体发育和繁殖的植物物种可作为一种管理策略加以利用。本研究旨在分析豆科植物‘爪哇’与[病原体名称未给出]相互作用时的结构（组成型和诱导型）和生化防御反应。在两项试验中，通过接种2000个卵和二期幼虫（J2）来评估‘爪哇’对[病原体名称未给出]的反应，以番茄作为感病对照。接种后60天（DAI）评估繁殖因子（RF）。在接种后10、20和30天对‘爪哇’和番茄进行组织化学测试，以观察组成型和诱导型防御特征。此外，在接种后5天评估与3,3'-二氨基联苯胺的反应，并在接种后30天使用扫描电子显微镜检查根尖。在接种后8天和12天也测量了根中的总蛋白含量。在两项试验中，‘爪哇’的RF均<1（0.7和0.8），被认为对[病原体名称未给出]具有抗性，而番茄易感，RF>1（16.7和21.2）。组织化学分析揭示了‘爪哇’的组成型防御，包括韧皮部导管中酚类化合物的积累以及内皮层细胞中广泛的木栓质增厚，而番茄仅表现出有限的木栓质增厚。‘爪哇’的诱导型防御包括被酚类化合物和蛋白质积累的细胞包围的线虫雌虫，以及畸形雌虫和取食部位细胞壁内陷很少的畸形巨型细胞。在番茄中，取食部位发育和线虫繁殖过程中没有防御化合物的积累。与番茄（23%）相比，‘爪哇’与3,3'-二氨基联苯胺的反应更明显（42%）。扫描电子显微镜显示，‘爪哇’中的巨型细胞平均比番茄中的小46%。此外，与未接种植物或番茄相比，接种[病原体名称未给出]的‘爪哇’总蛋白水平更高。总之，‘爪哇’表现出组成型和诱导型防御特征，这些特征抑制了[病原体名称未给出]在其根中的充分发育和繁殖。
