Hu Meiling, Zhang Ruibin, Wang Ren, Wang Yan, Guo Jincai
Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, China.
School of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
Front Oral Health. 2025 Jul 24;6:1627746. doi: 10.3389/froh.2025.1627746. eCollection 2025.
Periodontal diseases are one of the most prevalent oral diseases globally, with increasing incidence rates in recent years. This study aims to analyze the global burden and epidemiological trends of periodontal diseases from 1990 to 2021, and to forecast trends through 2040.
Data on incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of periodontal diseases were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021. The analysis evaluated the global, regional, and national burden of periodontal diseases, conducted a decomposition analysis based on population growth, aging, and epidemiological changes, and examined the association between the sociodemographic index (SDI) and disease burden, and projected trends through 2040.
In 2021, global estimates indicated 89,613,534 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 79,069,091-101,005,642) incident cases, 1,066,953,744 (95% UI: 896,546,186-1,234,839,287) prevalent cases, and 6,903,284 (95% UI: 2,772,284-14,106,182) DALYs due to periodontal diseases. South Asia demonstrated the highest number and age-standardized rates (ASR) of incidence, prevalence, and DALYs. Between 1990 and 2021, the ASR of prevalence and DALYs increased slightly, while the ASR of incidence remained stable worldwide. Population growth and aging were the primary contributors to changes in disease burden. A significant negative correlation was observed between the SDI and the periodontal diseases burden. Projections from 2022 to 2040 indicate annual increases in both the number and ASR of incidence, prevalence, and DALYs for periodontal diseases.
Periodontal diseases remain a substantial global health challenge, characterized by rising incidence, prevalence, and DALYs. These findings underscore the urgent need to implement effective prevention strategies and integrate oral health services into primary care, particularly in regions with low to middle SDI, to reduce the escalating burden.
牙周疾病是全球最常见的口腔疾病之一，近年来发病率不断上升。本研究旨在分析1990年至2021年牙周疾病的全球负担和流行病学趋势，并预测至2040年的趋势。
从《2021年全球疾病负担研究》中提取牙周疾病的发病率、患病率和伤残调整生命年（DALY）数据。该分析评估了牙周疾病的全球、区域和国家负担，基于人口增长、老龄化和流行病学变化进行了分解分析，研究了社会人口指数（SDI）与疾病负担之间的关联，并预测了至2040年的趋势。
2021年，全球估计有89,613,534例（95%不确定区间（UI）：79,069,091 - 101,005,642）新发病例，1,066,953,744例（95% UI：896,546,186 - 1,234,839,287）现患病例，以及6,903,284例（95% UI：2,772,284 - 14,106,182）因牙周疾病导致的伤残调整生命年。南亚的发病率、患病率和伤残调整生命年的数量和年龄标准化率最高。1990年至2021年期间，全球患病率和伤残调整生命年的年龄标准化率略有上升，而发病率的年龄标准化率保持稳定。人口增长和老龄化是疾病负担变化的主要因素。观察到社会人口指数与牙周疾病负担之间存在显著负相关。2022年至2040年的预测表明，牙周疾病的发病率、患病率和伤残调整生命年的数量和年龄标准化率均呈年度上升趋势。
牙周疾病仍然是一项重大的全球健康挑战，其特征是发病率、患病率和伤残调整生命年不断上升。这些发现强调迫切需要实施有效的预防策略，并将口腔卫生服务纳入初级保健，特别是在社会人口指数低至中等的地区，以减轻不断升级 的负担。
