Wang Xinyu, Zhang Hui, Lu Hui, Zhang Baixue, Li Bo, Gao Lifen
Department of Ophthalmology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong Province, 255000, People's Republic of China.
Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang City, Shandong Province, 261053, People's Republic of China.
Int J Gen Med. 2025 Aug 4;18:4181-4193. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S532841. eCollection 2025.
Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease is the main cause of death worldwide. This disease is characterized by the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in the heart artery and the reduction of myocardial blood circulation caused by vasospasm. The risk factors of atherosclerosis include old age, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. Research has shown that coronary heart disease not only causes kidney and cerebrovascular diseases, but also leads to dysfunction and structural changes in the retinal microvasculature of the eye. Therefore, several studies have proposed that retinal microvascular changes can be used as a diagnostic tool to assess coronary heart disease course and prognosis. This article will review the mechanism of retinal microvascular disease, retinal vascular morphological changes, and microvascular density changes related to coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.
冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病是全球主要的死亡原因。这种疾病的特征是在心脏动脉中形成动脉粥样硬化斑块以及由血管痉挛导致的心肌血液循环减少。动脉粥样硬化的危险因素包括老年、血脂异常、高血压和糖尿病。研究表明，冠心病不仅会引发肾脏和脑血管疾病，还会导致眼部视网膜微血管系统的功能障碍和结构改变。因此，多项研究提出，视网膜微血管变化可作为评估冠心病病程和预后的诊断工具。本文将综述与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病相关的视网膜微血管疾病机制、视网膜血管形态变化和微血管密度变化。
