Zeru Fikre, Adamu Haileeyesus, Woldearegay Yohannes Hagos, Sisay Tessema Tesfaye, Hansson Ingrid, Boqvist Sofia
Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
College of Veterinary Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2025 Aug 11;19(8):e0012916. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012916. eCollection 2025 Aug.
Campylobacter is a leading foodborne pathogen posing a significant One Health challenge due to broad animal reservoirs and serious antibiotic resistance. Despite frequent human-animal-environment interactions in Ethiopia, One Health studies on Campylobacter occurrence and transmission are crucial but lacking.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2021 to March 2022 in central Ethiopia using a One Health approach to assess Campylobacter occurrence and resistance in humans, poultry and environment, and identify risk factors in humans and poultry. A total of 366 samples from 122 poultry farms were collected, including cloacal swabs, human stools, and poultry house floor samples. Epidemiological data on risk factors and respondents' awareness were gathered through interviews. Campylobacter spp. were isolated following ISO 10272, confirmed with multiplex PCR and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the disc diffusion method according EUCAST guidelines. Campylobacter spp. were detected in 12.5% samples, highest in poultry (19.6%), followed by humans (13.1%) and poultry house floor (4.9%). Campylobacter jejuni was the dominant species (80.4%), followed by C. coli (19.6%). In poultry, mixed farming with cattle increased Campylobacter colonization odds (adjusted odds ratio; AOR = 9.5), while all-in/all-out management decreased it (AOR = 8.4). In humans, Campylobacter infection was linked to raw milk consumption (AOR = 5.5), poultry access to living areas (AOR = 6.3), not using personal protective equipment when working with poultry (AOR = 8.3) and not washing hands after handling poultry and cleaning barn (AOR = 5.6). Farm workers had a knowledge gap in zoonotic risks, including Campylobacter and One Health. High antibiotic resistance was observed, especially to erythromycin (63.0%), ciprofloxacin (69.5%), tetracycline (89.1%), and oxytetracycline (73.9%), with 69.5% of isolates showing multidrug resistance.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The study revealed widespread occurrence of resistant Campylobacter spp. in poultry, workers, and the environment, highlighting the need for One Health interventions: improved biosecurity, hygiene, education, and responsible antimicrobial use to safeguard animal and human health.
弯曲杆菌是一种主要的食源性病原体，由于其广泛的动物宿主和严重的抗生素耐药性，对“同一健康”构成了重大挑战。尽管埃塞俄比亚存在频繁的人畜环境互动，但关于弯曲杆菌发生和传播的“同一健康”研究至关重要但却匮乏。
方法/主要发现：2021年3月至2022年3月在埃塞俄比亚中部采用“同一健康”方法进行了一项横断面研究，以评估弯曲杆菌在人类、家禽和环境中的发生情况及耐药性，并确定人类和家禽中的风险因素。共收集了来自122个家禽养殖场的366份样本，包括泄殖腔拭子、人类粪便和禽舍地面样本。通过访谈收集了关于风险因素和受访者认知的流行病学数据。按照ISO 10272分离弯曲杆菌属，用多重聚合酶链反应进行确认，并根据欧盟CAST指南采用纸片扩散法检测其抗菌药敏性。在12.5%的样本中检测到弯曲杆菌属，在家禽中最高（19.6%），其次是人类（13.1%）和禽舍地面（4.9%）。空肠弯曲杆菌是主要菌种（80.4%），其次是大肠弯曲杆菌（19.6%）。在家禽中，与牛混养增加了弯曲杆菌定植几率（调整优势比；AOR = 9.5），而全进全出管理则降低了该几率（AOR = 8.4）。在人类中，弯曲杆菌感染与饮用生牛奶（AOR = 5.5）、家禽进入生活区（AOR = 6.3）、处理家禽时不使用个人防护设备（AOR = 8.3）以及处理家禽和清理畜舍后不洗手（AOR = 5.6）有关。农场工人在包括弯曲杆菌和“同一健康”等人畜共患病风险方面存在知识差距。观察到高抗生素耐药性，尤其是对红霉素（63.0%）、环丙沙星（69.5%）、四环素（89.1%）和土霉素（73.9%），69.5%的分离株表现出多重耐药性。
结论/意义：该研究揭示了耐药弯曲杆菌属在家禽、工人和环境中的广泛存在，凸显了采取“同一健康”干预措施的必要性：改善生物安全、卫生、教育以及负责任地使用抗菌药物，以保障动物和人类健康。
