Liu Jing, Zhang Jianing, Cui Dengfeng
School of Economics and Management, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
Carbon Balance Manag. 2025 Aug 13;20(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s13021-025-00317-0.
In the context of mitigating global warming and promoting sustainable development, the scientific and effective assessment of the global carbon total factor productivity (CTFP) is essential for slowing global warming and fostering green transformation and coordinated development at both the global and regional levels.
This study constructs a CTFP evaluation index system and, for the first time, employs the SBM-DDF-GML productivity index model to measure the CTFP of 137 countries worldwide from 1991 to 2019. This model combines a directional distance function with the global Malmquist-Luenberger index to achieve precision in efficiency measurement and intertemporal comparability. It effectively resolves the problems of estimation bias and time dimension inconsistency caused by the radial assumption in traditional radial models. The spatial characteristics, regional disparities, and sources of these disparities in the CTFP are examined using ArcGIS and the Dagum Gini coefficient method. The σ-convergence and β-convergence models are used to investigate the influencing factors and convergence characteristics of the CTFP.
The findings reveal that (1) the global CTFP exhibited an overall upward trend with fluctuations over the sample period, with technological progress being the primary driving force. (2) There are significant gradient disparities in the global CTFP, primarily stemming from supervariable density, followed by intraregional and interregional differences, and these disparities are expanding. (3) While there is no evident σ-convergence in the global CTFP and CTFP of the four major regions, there are significant absolute and conditional β-convergence trends.
Based on the research results, this paper proposes specific strategies to promote the global development of CTFP. These include strengthening technology R&D to improve CTFP, encouraging regional convergence to reduce development disparities, and enhancing the dynamic monitoring and evaluation system to foster growth and equity. This study provides empirical support and a decision-making basis for the coordinated development of the global economy and environment, contributing to advancing global green, low-carbon, and sustainable development.
在缓解全球变暖、推动可持续发展的背景下，科学有效地评估全球碳全要素生产率（CTFP）对于减缓全球变暖、促进全球及区域层面的绿色转型与协调发展至关重要。
本研究构建了CTFP评价指标体系，并首次运用SBM-DDF-GML生产率指数模型来测度1991年至2019年全球137个国家的CTFP。该模型将方向距离函数与全局Malmquist-Luenberger指数相结合，以实现效率测度的精确性和跨期可比性。它有效解决了传统径向模型中因径向假设导致的估计偏差和时间维度不一致问题。利用ArcGIS和达古姆基尼系数法考察了CTFP的空间特征、区域差异及其差异来源。运用σ收敛和β收敛模型探究CTFP的影响因素和收敛特征。
研究结果表明：（1）样本期内全球CTFP总体呈波动上升趋势，技术进步是主要驱动力。（2）全球CTFP存在显著的梯度差异，主要源于超变密度，其次是区域内和区域间差异，且这些差异在扩大。（3）全球CTFP及四大区域的CTFP虽无明显的σ收敛，但存在显著的绝对和条件β收敛趋势。
基于研究结果，本文提出了促进CTFP全球发展的具体策略。这些策略包括加强技术研发以提高CTFP、鼓励区域收敛以缩小发展差距以及加强动态监测与评价体系以促进增长与公平。本研究为全球经济与环境的协调发展提供了实证支持和决策依据，有助于推动全球绿色、低碳和可持续发展。
