Chen Zhifeng, Yang Dan, Wang Shan, Hao Chunbo
Department of Stomatology, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University (Hainan General Hospital), Haikou, 570100, China.
Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2025 Aug 18;36(1):66. doi: 10.1007/s10856-025-06881-8.
Magnesium, an essential element in human physiology, is predominantly located in bone tissue. Since the early 20th century, magnesium-based biomaterials have demonstrated osteoinductive and angiogenic potential, positioning them as promising candidates for bone regeneration strategies. Hydrogels, composed of crosslinked hydrophilic polymers, provide a three-dimensional microenvironment mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby supporting cell adhesion, nutrient diffusion, and controlled release of bioactive ions such as Mg²⁺. Recent advances in material science have enabled the design of multifunctional magnesium-loaded hydrogels that synergistically combine mechanical stability, immunomodulation, and spatiotemporal Mg²⁺ release to address critical-sized bone defects. This review systematically examines hydrogel classifications and elucidates magnesium-mediated biological signaling pathways that drive bone repair. A meta-analysis of 10 studies retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase was performed to assess the efficacy of magnesium-containing hydrogels in bone repair. The findings demonstrate that magnesium significantly enhances bone repair processes, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic agent for bone defect treatment.
镁是人体生理学中的一种必需元素，主要存在于骨组织中。自20世纪初以来，镁基生物材料已显示出骨诱导和血管生成潜力，使其成为骨再生策略的有前景候选材料。水凝胶由交联的亲水性聚合物组成，提供了一个模拟细胞外基质（ECM）的三维微环境，从而支持细胞黏附、营养物质扩散以及诸如Mg²⁺等生物活性离子的控释。材料科学的最新进展使得设计多功能载镁水凝胶成为可能，这种水凝胶能协同结合机械稳定性、免疫调节和Mg²⁺的时空释放，以解决临界尺寸骨缺损问题。本综述系统地研究了水凝胶分类，并阐明了驱动骨修复的镁介导的生物信号通路。对从PubMed、科学网、Scopus和Embase检索到的10项研究进行了荟萃分析，以评估含镁水凝胶在骨修复中的疗效。研究结果表明，镁显著增强骨修复过程，突出了其作为骨缺损治疗药物的潜力。
