Wang Jugang, Song Jian, Gao Xiaomin, Wang Jiali, Huang Tianyu, Zeng Manmei, Zhu Zhoujun, Liu Min, Wang Zuhua
College of Agro-Forestry Engineering & Planning, Tongren University, Tongren, Guizhou Province, 554300, China.
Guizhou Provincial Education Department Engineered Research Center for Innovation and Utilization of Oil Camellia Germplasm Resources, Tongren, Guizhou Province, 554300, China.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Aug 18;25(1):1085. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-07063-y.
The regulatory network governing triacylglycerol (TAG) and fatty acid (FA) accumulation in hexaploid Camellia oleifera kernels remains unclear due to the lack of an appropriate reference genome. In this study, we combined oil trait measurements with multi-omics analyses (global transcriptomics, miRNA sequencing, proteomics, and metabolomics) across 3 harvest stages, using the hexaploid C. oleifera 'Changlin 40' genome as reference.
Integrated analysis of oil traits and multi-omics data demonstrated that premature harvesting (1 week before the recommended date) decreased oil production and enhanced saturated FAs composition, while postponed harvesting (1 week after the recommended date) preserved oil yield and increased oleic and linolenic acid contents. Comprehensive pathway analysis identified 11 key metabolic pathways involved in TAG and FA biosynthesis and catabolism, revealing their coordination with terpene and flavonoid synthesis under the influence of carbohydrate metabolism. Within the 11 metabolic pathways, key regulatory enzymes comprised alcohol dehydrogenase and galactosidase that negatively regulated TAG biosynthesis, palmitoyl-protein thioesterase that mediated short-chain saturated FA formation, and acyl-CoA thioesterase that enhanced long-chain unsaturated FA production. Additionally, we detected novel associations between TAG/FA accumulation and non-canonical factors, including noncoding RNAs (circR007, lncR114741, miR167h, miR166, miR398a-3p, miR398d, and miR396a-3p), proteins (seed storage protein, caffeic acid O-methyltransferase, galactose oxidase, No Pollen Germination 1, Coronatine Insensitive 1), and metabolites (L-carnitine and L-glutamate). The reliability of our findings was confirmed through qRT-PCR (RNA validation) and Parallel Reaction Monitoring (protein validation).
This study established the regulatory network TAG and FA accumulation in hexaploid C. oleifera kernels, and provided foundational molecular framework for breeding high-yield, high-quality C. oleifera cultivars through marker-assisted selection.
由于缺乏合适的参考基因组，调控六倍体油茶籽中三酰甘油（TAG）和脂肪酸（FA）积累的网络仍不明确。在本研究中，我们以六倍体油茶‘长林40号’基因组为参考，结合了3个收获阶段的油脂性状测定和多组学分析（全局转录组学、miRNA测序、蛋白质组学和代谢组学）。
油脂性状与多组学数据的综合分析表明，过早收获（在推荐日期前1周）会降低油脂产量并提高饱和脂肪酸组成，而推迟收获（在推荐日期后1周）则能保持油脂产量并增加油酸和亚麻酸含量。全面的通路分析确定了11条参与TAG和FA生物合成及分解代谢的关键代谢通路，揭示了它们在碳水化合物代谢影响下与萜类和黄酮类合成的协调关系。在这11条代谢通路中，关键调控酶包括对TAG生物合成起负调控作用的乙醇脱氢酶和半乳糖苷酶、介导短链饱和脂肪酸形成的棕榈酰蛋白硫酯酶以及促进长链不饱和脂肪酸生成的酰基辅酶A硫酯酶。此外，我们还检测到TAG/FA积累与非经典因子之间的新关联，包括非编码RNA（circR007、lncR114741、miR167h、miR166、miR398a-3p、miR398d和miR396a-3p）、蛋白质（种子贮藏蛋白、咖啡酸O-甲基转移酶、半乳糖氧化酶、无花粉萌发1、冠菌素不敏感1）和代谢物（L-肉碱和L-谷氨酸）。通过qRT-PCR（RNA验证）和平行反应监测（蛋白质验证）证实了我们研究结果的可靠性。
本研究建立了六倍体油茶籽中TAG和FA积累的调控网络，并为通过标记辅助选择培育高产、优质油茶品种提供了基础分子框架。
