School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
Research Institute of Oil Tea Camellia, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China.
J Agric Food Chem. 2024 Aug 14;72(32):18257-18270. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03614. Epub 2024 Jul 31.
, a major woody oil crop in China, produces tea oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids, earning it names like liquid gold and eastern olive oil. This study provides an integrated investigation of the transcriptome and lipidome within seeds at the maturing process across three varieties, revealing a significant relationship between fatty acid production and genes involved in lipid synthesis. Through transcriptomic analysis, 26,344 genes with varied expression were found. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted that pathways related to starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, and lipid accumulation were highly enriched among the differentially expressed genes. Coordinated high expression of key genes (, , , , , , , , , , , ) during the late maturation stage contributes largely to high oil content. Additionally, expression variations of and among different varieties were explored. The analysis suggests that high expression of genes such as , , and notably increased linolenic acid content. This research provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of oil biosynthesis in , offering valuable references for improving yield and quality.
油茶树是中国主要的木本油料作物，所产的茶油富含不饱和脂肪酸，素有“液体黄金”“东方橄榄油”之美誉。本研究综合分析了 3 个品种油茶种子成熟过程中的转录组和脂质组，揭示了脂肪酸生成与参与脂质合成的基因之间存在显著关系。通过转录组分析，发现了 26344 个表达差异的基因。功能富集分析表明，差异表达基因中与淀粉和蔗糖代谢、植物激素信号转导和脂质积累相关的途径高度富集。关键基因（,,,,,,,,,,, ）在后期成熟阶段的协同高表达对高含油量贡献很大。此外，还探讨了不同品种间 和 的表达变化。分析表明，基因如,, 和 的高表达显著增加了亚麻酸的含量。本研究为油茶油脂生物合成的分子机制提供了新的见解，为提高产量和品质提供了有价值的参考。
