Christiansen B A, Goldman M S, Brown S A
Addict Behav. 1985;10(3):299-306. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(85)90011-5.
To investigate changes in adolescent's alcohol expectancies as a function of increasing age and drinking experience, we compared the degree to which 12-14, 15-16, and 17-19 year old adolescents from normal seventh to twelfth grade classrooms (N = 1580) affirmed items comprising seven alcohol-expectancy scales. Results showed that adolescents increasingly believe alcohol improves social behavior, increases arousal, and decreases tension as they age. In contrast, the belief that alcohol improves cognitive and motor functioning increased and then decreased in a general adolescent sample, but remained high in problem drinking adolescents. The subsequent discovery of this same factor in 305 hospitalized alcoholics suggests that strong affirmation of this expectancy in late adolescence may have prognostic, and perhaps etiologic significance for the development of alcoholism.
为了研究青少年酒精预期随年龄增长和饮酒经历的变化，我们比较了来自正常七年级至十二年级教室的12 - 14岁、15 - 16岁和17 - 19岁青少年（N = 1580）对包含七个酒精预期量表项目的肯定程度。结果表明，随着年龄增长，青少年越来越相信酒精能改善社交行为、增加兴奋感并减轻紧张感。相比之下，在一般青少年样本中，认为酒精能改善认知和运动功能的信念先增加后下降，但在有饮酒问题的青少年中仍居高不下。随后在305名住院酗酒者中发现了相同因素，这表明青春期后期对这种预期的强烈肯定可能对酗酒的发展具有预后意义，甚至可能具有病因学意义。
