Field Matt, Schoenmakers Tim, Wiers Reinout W
School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Curr Drug Abuse Rev. 2008 Nov;1(3):263-79. doi: 10.2174/1874473710801030263.
Alcohol abuse is associated with a cluster of long-term changes in cognitive processes, as predicted by contemporary models of addiction. In this paper we review evidence which suggests that similar changes may occur during an alcohol binge, and as such they may play an important role in explaining the loss of control over alcohol consumption that occurs during alcohol binges. As a consequence of both acute alcohol intoxication (alcohol 'priming' effects) and exposure to environmental alcohol-related cues, we suggest that a number of changes in cognitive processes are likely. These include increased subjective craving for alcohol, increased positive and arousing outcome expectancies and implicit associations for alcohol use, increased attentional bias for alcohol-related cues, increased action tendencies to approach alcohol, increased impulsive decision-making, and impaired inhibitory control over drives and behaviour. Potential reciprocal relationships between these different aspects of cognition during an alcohol binge are discussed. Finally, we discuss the relationship between the current model and existing models of cognitive processes in substance abuse, and we speculate on the implications of the model for the reduction binge drinking and its consequences.
正如当代成瘾模型所预测的那样，酒精滥用与认知过程中的一系列长期变化有关。在本文中，我们回顾了相关证据，这些证据表明在酗酒期间可能会发生类似的变化，因此它们可能在解释酗酒期间对酒精消费失去控制方面发挥重要作用。由于急性酒精中毒（酒精“启动”效应）和接触与酒精相关的环境线索，我们认为认知过程可能会发生一些变化。这些变化包括对酒精的主观渴望增加、对饮酒的积极和唤起性结果预期以及与饮酒相关的内隐联想增加、对与酒精相关线索的注意力偏差增加、接近酒精的行动倾向增加、冲动决策增加以及对驱力和行为的抑制控制受损。本文讨论了酗酒期间这些不同认知方面之间潜在的相互关系。最后，我们讨论了当前模型与药物滥用中认知过程的现有模型之间的关系，并推测了该模型对减少暴饮饮酒及其后果的意义。
