Wisitrassameewong Komsit, Adamčík Slavomír, Adamčíková Katarína, Tang Song-Ming, Tangthirasunun Narumon, Chuankid Boontiya, Raspé Olivier
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand.
PLoS One. 2025 Aug 20;20(8):e0322545. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0322545. eCollection 2025.
Green-cracking Russulas are edible fungi that are widely consumed and traded in Southeast Asia. Asian collections of this morphotype were frequently identified as R. virescens in local literature. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses of ITS nrDNA, rpb2 and tef1 regions presented in this study strongly supported that the majority of green cracking Russula collections from Southeast Asia represent a species different from European R. virescens and these collections are described here as R. orientalovirescens sp. nova. Analysis of ITS barcoding region confirmed that published sequence data from China, Laos and Myanmar reported this species as R. virescens. In addition, this analysis showed that the species is widely distributed in Southeast Asia from Malayan Peninsula to Japan, preferring areas with dry season, and is associated with coniferous and deciduous trees as well as heterotrophic plants. Morphological analyses and detailed comparison with recent collections of R. virescens showed that R. orientalovirescens differs from the latter by larger spores and shorter and more abundant pileocystidia. Green-cracking Russula species with distinctly areolate pileus formed a monophyletic lineage where our new species is grouped with Asian R. viridirubrolimbata, European R. virescens and North American R. parvovirescens. Few publicly available ITS sequences from Southeast Asia clustered with either European or North American species suggesting that the phylogenetic lineage of green-cracking Russulas urgently require further attention.
绿裂红菇是可食用真菌，在东南亚被广泛食用和交易。在当地文献中，这种形态类型的亚洲标本常被鉴定为绿红菇。本研究中对ITS nrDNA、rpb2和tef1区域的多位点系统发育分析有力地支持了以下观点：东南亚的大多数绿裂红菇标本代表一个不同于欧洲绿红菇的物种，这些标本在此被描述为新物种东方绿裂红菇。对ITS条形码区域的分析证实，来自中国、老挝和缅甸的已发表序列数据将该物种报道为绿红菇。此外，该分析表明，该物种广泛分布于从马来半岛到日本的东南亚地区，偏好有旱季的地区，与针叶树、落叶树以及异养植物相关。形态学分析以及与近期绿红菇标本的详细比较表明，东方绿裂红菇与后者的区别在于孢子更大，菌盖囊状体更短且更丰富。具有明显网纹菌盖的绿裂红菇物种形成了一个单系分支，我们的新物种与亚洲的红边绿菇、欧洲的绿红菇和北美的小绿菇归为一类。来自东南亚的公开可用ITS序列很少与欧洲或北美物种聚类，这表明绿裂红菇的系统发育谱系迫切需要进一步关注。
